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- Suzanne Abourjeili Visiting Scholar
  Middle East Center Abourjeili is a visiting scholar at the Carnegie Middle East Center, where she works on the education reform project in collaboration with Muhammad Faour.
- Lahcen Achy Nonresident Senior Associate
  Middle East Center Achy is an economist with expertise in development, institutional economics, trade, and labor and a focus on the Middle East and North Africa.
- James M. Acton Senior Associate
  Nuclear Policy Program Acton is a senior associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. A physicist by training, Acton specializes in nonproliferation, deterrence, and disarmament.
- Muthiah Alagappa Nonresident Senior Associate
  Asia Program Alagappa is the Tun Hussein Onn Chair in international studies at the Institute of Strategic and International Studies in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. His research focuses primarily on Asian security, the political legitimacy of governments, civil society and political change, and the political role of the military in Asia.
- Alexei Arbatov Scholar in Residence
  Nonproliferation Program
  Moscow Center Arbatov, a former member of the State Duma, is the author of a number of books and numerous articles and papers on issues of global security, strategic stability, disarmament, and Russian military reform.
- Paul Balaran Executive Vice President and Secretary As executive vice president, secretary, and chief operating officer, Balaran works closely with the president to oversee and manage all aspects of the Carnegie Endowment.
- Bayram Balci Visiting Scholar
  Middle East Program Balci is a visiting scholar in Carnegie’s Middle East Program, where his research focuses on Turkey and Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Caucasus.
- Anouar Boukhars Nonresident Scholar
  Middle East Program Boukhars is a nonresident scholar in Carnegie’s Middle East Program. He is an assistant professor of international relations at McDaniel College in Westminster, Maryland.
- Nathan J. Brown Nonresident Senior Associate
  Middle East Program Brown, a professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, is a distinguished scholar and author of six well-received books on Arab politics.
- David Burwell Director
  Energy and Climate Program Burwell is director of the Energy and Climate Program at the Carnegie Endowment. His work focuses on the intersection between energy, transportation, and climate issues, as well as policies and practice reforms to reduce global dependence on fossil fuels.
- Thomas Carothers Vice President for Studies Carothers is a leading authority on democracy promotion and democratization worldwide as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy generally.
- Tom Carver Vice President for Communications and Strategy Carver is vice president for communications and strategy at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He previously served as senior vice president at Chlopak, Leonard & Schechter. A former award-winning journalist, Carver worked for the BBC from 1984 to 2004.
- Sarah Chayes Senior Associate
  South Asia Program Chayes, formerly special adviser to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is an expert in South Asia policy, kleptocracy and anticorruption, and civil-military relations.
- Shahram Chubin Nonresident Senior Associate
  Nuclear Policy Program Chubin, who is based in Geneva, focuses his research on nonproliferation, terrorism, and Middle East security issues. He was director of studies at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy, Switzerland, from 1996 to 2009.
- James F. Collins Director, Russia and Eurasia Program;
  Diplomat in Residence Ambassador Collins was the U.S. ambassador to the Russian Federation from 1997 to 2001 and is an expert on the former Soviet Union, its successor states, and the Middle East.
- Uri Dadush Senior Associate and Director
  International Economics Program Dadush is senior associate and director of Carnegie’s International Economics Program. He focuses on trends in the global economy and is currently tracking developments in the eurozone crisis.
- Toby Dalton Deputy Director
  Nuclear Policy Program Dalton is the deputy director of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. An expert on nonproliferation and nuclear energy, his research focuses on cooperative nuclear security initiatives and the management of nuclear challenges in South Asia and East Asia.
- Thomas de Waal Senior Associate
  Russia and Eurasia Program De Waal is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment, specializing primarily in the South Caucasus region comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia and their breakaway territories as well as the wider Black Sea region.
- Judy Dempsey Nonresident Senior Associate
  Carnegie Europe
  Editor in chief
  Strategic Europe Dempsey is a nonresident senior associate at Carnegie Europe and editor in chief of Strategic Europe. She is also a columnist for the International Herald Tribune.
- Gilles Dorronsoro Nonresident Scholar
  South Asia Program Dorronsoro’s research focuses on security and political development in Afghanistan. He was a professor of political science at the Sorbonne in Paris and the Institute of Political Studies of Rennes.
- Intissar Fakir Editor in Chief
  Sada Fakir is editor in chief of Sada.
- Muhammad Faour Nonresident Scholar
  Middle East Center Faour is a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Middle East Center, where his research focuses on education reform in Arab countries with an emphasis on citizenship education.
- Evan A. Feigenbaum Nonresident Senior Associate
  Asia Program Feigenbaum’s work focuses principally on China and India, geopolitics in Asia, and the role of the United States in East, Central, and South Asia. His previous positions include deputy assistant secretary of state for South Asia, deputy assistant secretary of state for Central Asia, and member of the secretary of state’s policy planning staff with principal responsibility for East Asia and the Pacific.
- Matt Ferchen Resident Scholar
  Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Ferchen specializes in China’s political-economic relations with emerging economies. At the Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy, he runs a program on China’s economic and political relations with the developing world, including Latin America and Africa.
- Charles Gauvin Chief Development Officer Charles Gauvin is the chief development officer for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
- François Godement Nonresident Senior Associate
  Asia Program Godement, an expert on Chinese and East Asian strategic and international affairs, is a nonresident senior associate in the Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
- Pierre Goldschmidt Nonresident Senior Associate
  Nuclear Policy Program Goldschmidt is a nonresident senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment.
- Deborah Gordon Nonresident Senior Associate
  Energy and Climate Program Gordon is a nonresident senior associate in Carnegie’s Energy and Climate Program, where her research focuses on oil, climate, energy, and transportation issues in the United States, China, and globally.
- Frederic Grare Director and Senior Associate
  South Asia Program Grare is senior associate and director of Carnegie’s South Asia Program. His research focuses on security issues and democratization in India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Previously, he led the Asia bureau at the Directorate for Strategic Affairs in the French Ministry of Defense.
- Paul Haenle Director
  Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Haenle served as the director for China, Taiwan, and Mongolian Affairs on the National Security Council staffs of former president George W. Bush and President Barack Obama prior to joining Carnegie.
- Mark Hibbs Senior Associate
  Nuclear Policy Program Hibbs is a Berlin-based senior associate in Carnegie’s Nuclear Policy Program. Before joining Carnegie, for over twenty years he was an editor and correspondent for nuclear energy publications, including Nucleonics Week and NuclearFuel, published by the Platts division of the McGraw-Hill Companies.
- Yukon Huang Senior Associate
  Asia Program Huang is a senior associate in the Carnegie Asia Program, where his research focuses on China’s economic development and its impact on Asia and the global economy.
- Christophe Jaffrelot Nonresident Scholar
  South Asia Program Jaffrelot’s core research focuses on theories of nationalism and democracy, mobilization of the lower castes and untouchables in India, the Hindu nationalist movement, and ethnic conflicts in Pakistan.
- John Judis Visiting Scholar Judis is a senior editor of the New Republic, where he has worked since 1984. As a visiting scholar at Carnegie, Judis wrote The Folly of Empire: What George W. Bush Could Learn from Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.
- Togzhan Kassenova Associate
  Nuclear Policy Program Kassenova is an associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment and a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow.
- Rachel Kleinfeld Nonresident Associate
  Democracy and Rule of Law Program Kleinfeld is a nonresident associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program. She is the co-founder and CEO of the Truman National Security Project.
- Fatima Kukeyeva Co-director
  al-Farabi Carnegie Program on Central Asia Kukeyeva is co-director of the al-Farabi Carnegie Program on Central Asia.
- Tomoko Kurokawa Visiting Scholar
  Nuclear Policy Program Kurokawa is a visiting scholar in the Carnegie Nuclear Policy Program.
- Stefan Lehne Visiting Scholar
  Carnegie Europe Lehne is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, where his research focuses on the post–Lisbon Treaty development of the European Union’s foreign policy, with a specific focus on relations between the EU and member states.
- Ariel (Eli) Levite Nonresident Senior Associate
  Nuclear Policy Program Levite was the principal deputy director general for policy at the Israeli Atomic Energy Commission from 2002 to 2007.
- Li Bin Senior Associate
  Nuclear Policy Program and Asia Program Li is a senior associate working jointly in the Nuclear Policy Program and Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment.
- Maria Lipman Scholar-in-Residence
  Society and Regions Program
  Editor in Chief, Pro et Contra
  Moscow Center Lipman is the chair of the Carnegie Moscow Center’s Society and Regions Program. She is also the editor of the Pro et Contra journal, published by the Carnegie Moscow Center.
- Alexey Malashenko Scholar in Residence
  Religion, Society, and Security Program
  Moscow Center Malashenko is the co-chair of the Carnegie Moscow Center’s Religion, Society, and Security Program. He also taught at the Higher School of Economics from 2007 to 2008 and was a professor at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations from 2000 to 2006.
- Jessica Tuchman Mathews President Mathews is president of the Carnegie Endowment. Before her appointment in 1997, her career included posts in both the executive and legislative branches of government, in management and research in the nonprofit arena, and in journalism and science policy.
- C. Raja Mohan Nonresident Senior Associate
  South Asia Program Mohan is a nonresident senior associate in Carnegie’s South Asia Program, where his research focuses on international security, defense, and Asian strategic issues.
- Sami Moubayed Visiting Scholar
  Carnegie Middle East Center Moubayed, a political analyst and historian, focuses his research on Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and the Arab-Israeli conflict.
- Marwan Muasher Vice President for Studies Muasher is vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment, where he oversees the Endowment’s research in Washington and Beirut on the Middle East.
- Bernd von Muenchow-Pohl Nonresident Scholar
  South Asia Program Von Muenchow-Pohl is a nonresident scholar in Carnegie’s South Asia Program, where his work focuses on Indian domestic, foreign, and economic policy.
- Moisés Naím Senior Associate
  International Economics Program Naím is a senior associate in Carnegie’s International Economics Program, where his research focuses on international economics and global politics. He is currently the chief international columnist for El País, Spain’s largest newspaper, and his weekly column is published worldwide.
- Vikram Nehru Senior Associate
  Asia Program
  Bakrie Chair in Southeast Asian Studies Nehru is a senior associate in the Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment. An expert on development economics, growth, poverty reduction, debt sustainability, governance, and the performance and prospects of East Asia, his research focuses on the economic, political, and strategic issues confronting Asia, particularly Southeast Asia.
- Martha Brill Olcott Senior Associate
  Russia and Eurasia Program and
  Co-director
  al-Farabi Carnegie Program on Central Asia Olcott is professor emerita at Colgate University, having taught political science there from 1974 to 2002. Prior to her work at the endowment, Olcott served as a special consultant to former secretary of state Lawrence Eagleburger.
- Douglas H. Paal Vice President for Studies Paal previously served as vice chairman of JPMorgan Chase International and as unofficial U.S. representative to Taiwan as director of the American Institute in Taiwan.
- George Perkovich Vice President for Studies Perkovich’s research focuses on nuclear strategy and nonproliferation, with a concentration on South Asia, Iran, and the problem of justice in the international political economy.
- Michael Pettis Nonresident Senior Associate
  Asia Program Pettis, an expert on China’s economy, is professor of finance at Peking University’s Guanghua School of Management, where he specializes in Chinese financial markets.
- Marc Pierini Visiting Scholar
  Carnegie Europe Pierini is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe, where his research focuses on developments in the Middle East and Turkey from a European perspective.
- Iskander Rehman Associate
  Nuclear Policy Program Rehman is an associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment and a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow. His research focuses on security and crisis stability in Asia, specifically the geopolitical ramifications of naval nuclearization in the Indian Ocean.
- Matthew Rojansky Deputy Director
  Russia and Eurasia Program Rojansky, formerly executive director of the Partnership for a Secure America, is an expert on U.S. and Russian national security and nuclear-weapon policies.
- David Rothkopf Visiting Scholar Rothkopf, author of the recent book Power, Inc.: The Epic Rivalry Between Big Business and Government and the Reckoning that Lies Ahead, served as deputy undersecretary of commerce for international trade policy in the Clinton administration.
- Petr Topychkanov Associate
  Nonproliferation Program
  Moscow Center Topychkanov is an associate in the Carnegie Moscow Center’s Nonproliferation Program.
- Dmitri Trenin Director
  Moscow Center Dmitri Trenin, director of the Carnegie Moscow Center, has been with the center since its inception. He also chairs the research council and the Foreign and Security Policy Program.
- Shin-pei Tsay Director of Cities and Transportation
  Energy and Climate Program Shin-pei Tsay is the director of Cities and Transportation in the Energy and Climate Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
- Kevin Jianjun Tu Senior Associate
  Energy and Climate Program Tu is a senior associate in Carnegie’s Energy and Climate Program, where he leads the organization’s work on China’s energy and climate policies.
- Sinan Ülgen Visiting Scholar
  Carnegie Europe Ülgen is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, where his research focuses on the implications of Turkish foreign policy for Europe and the United States, particularly with regard to Turkey’s regional stance and its role in nuclear, energy, and climate issues.
- Milan Vaishnav Associate
  South Asia Program Vaishnav’s primary research focus is the political economy of India, and he examines issues such as corruption, ethnic politics, governance and state capacity, election finance, and distributive politics.
- Mark Van Putten Visiting Scholar
  Energy and Climate Program Van Putten is a visiting scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he leads a new project evaluating public-outreach strategies for addressing climate change, global biodiversity loss, and other critical environmental issues.
- Wang Tao Resident Scholar
  Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Wang, an expert on climate and energy issues, runs a program at the Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy that examines China’s climate and energy policies, with particular attention to international climate negotiation, coal, and transportation.
- Frederic Wehrey Senior Associate
  Middle East Program Wehrey’s research focuses on political reform and security issues in the Arab Gulf states, Libya, and U.S. policy in the Middle East more broadly. He was previously a senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation.
- Katherine Wilkens Deputy Director
  Middle East Program Wilkens is the deputy director of the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment. Over the last two decades, she has held a number of senior positions in the U.S. government and nonprofit sector.
- Nicholas D. Wright Associate
  Nuclear Policy Program Wright is an associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment and a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow. His research draws on his background in neuroscience to explore political decisionmaking in economics and nuclear security.
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Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Return to The Rise of Egypt’s Workers

Egyptian Worker Protests

Joel Beinin

Independent trade unions remain the strongest nationally organized force confronting the autocratic tendencies of the old order. If they can solidify and expand their gains, they could be an important force leading Egypt toward a more democratic future.