The escalating sanctions have served as a warning shot to Moscow. But sanctions can only become meaningful if they are part of a wider strategy.
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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James M. Acton
Senior Associate
Nuclear Policy Program Acton is a senior associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. A physicist by training, Acton specializes in nonproliferation, deterrence, and disarmament. -
Cornelius Adebahr
Associate
Europe Program Adebahr is an associate in the Europe Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington, DC. His research focuses on European foreign policy.
- Paul Balaran Executive Vice President and Secretary As executive vice president, secretary, and chief operating officer, Balaran works closely with the president to oversee and manage all aspects of the Carnegie Endowment.
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Bayram Balci
Visiting Scholar
Middle East Program Balci is a visiting scholar in Carnegie’s Middle East Program, where his research focuses on Turkey and Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Caucasus.
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Anouar Boukhars
Nonresident Scholar
Middle East Program Boukhars is a nonresident scholar in Carnegie’s Middle East Program. He is an assistant professor of international relations at McDaniel College in Westminster, Maryland. -
Nathan J. Brown
Nonresident Senior Associate
Middle East Program Brown, a professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, is a distinguished scholar and author of six well-received books on Arab politics.
- Thomas Carothers Vice President for Studies Carothers is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy.
- Tom Carver Vice President for Communications and Strategy Carver is vice president for communications and strategy at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He previously served as senior vice president at Chlopak, Leonard & Schechter. A former award-winning journalist, Carver worked for the BBC from 1984 to 2004.
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Sarah Chayes
Senior Associate
Democracy and Rule of Law Program
South Asia Program Chayes, formerly special adviser to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is an expert in South Asia policy, kleptocracy and anticorruption, and civil-military relations. -
Shahram Chubin
Nonresident Senior Associate
Nuclear Policy Program Chubin, who is based in Geneva, focuses his research on nonproliferation, terrorism, and Middle East security issues. He was director of studies at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy, Switzerland, from 1996 to 2009.
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Uri Dadush
Senior Associate
International Economics Program Dadush is a senior associate in Carnegie’s International Economics Program. He focuses on trends in the global economy and is currently tracking developments in the eurozone crisis. -
Toby Dalton
Deputy Director
Nuclear Policy Program Dalton is the deputy director of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. An expert on nonproliferation and nuclear energy, his research focuses on cooperative nuclear security initiatives and the management of nuclear challenges in South Asia and East Asia.
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Thomas de Waal
Senior Associate
Russia and Eurasia Program De Waal is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment, specializing primarily in the South Caucasus region comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia and their breakaway territories as well as the wider Black Sea region. -
Judy Dempsey
Nonresident Senior Associate
Carnegie Europe
Editor in chief
Strategic Europe Dempsey is a nonresident senior associate at Carnegie Europe and editor in chief of Strategic Europe.
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Gilles Dorronsoro
Nonresident Scholar
South Asia Program Dorronsoro’s research focuses on security and political development in Afghanistan. He was a professor of political science at the Sorbonne in Paris and the Institute of Political Studies of Rennes. -
Michele Dunne
Senior Associate
Middle East Program Dunne is an expert on political and economic change in Arab countries, particularly Egypt, as well as U.S. policy in the Middle East.
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François Godement
Nonresident Senior Associate
Asia Program Godement, an expert on Chinese and East Asian strategic and international affairs, is a nonresident senior associate in the Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. -
Pierre Goldschmidt
Nonresident Senior Associate
Nuclear Policy Program Goldschmidt is a nonresident senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment.
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Paul Haenle
Director
Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Haenle served as the director for China, Taiwan, and Mongolian Affairs on the National Security Council staffs of former president George W. Bush and President Barack Obama prior to joining Carnegie. -
Oz Hassan
Visiting Scholar
Democracy and Rule of Law Program Hassan is one of the United Kingdom’s foremost authorities on democracy promotion and democracy assistance programs and a leading scholar on U.S. foreign policy.
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Mark Hibbs
Senior Associate
Nuclear Policy Program Hibbs is a Berlin-based senior associate in Carnegie’s Nuclear Policy Program. Before joining Carnegie, for over twenty years he was an editor and correspondent for nuclear energy publications, including Nucleonics Week and NuclearFuel, published by the Platts division of the McGraw-Hill Companies. -
John L. Holden
Nonresident Senior Associate
Asia Program Holden is a nonresident senior associate in the Carnegie Asia Program. He also advises corporations and other organizations on their operations in China and assists Chinese companies overseas.
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Togzhan Kassenova
Associate
Nuclear Policy Program Kassenova is an associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. -
Lina Khatib
Director
Middle East Center Khatib is director of the Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut. Previously, she was the co-founding head of the Program on Arab Reform and Democracy at Stanford University’s Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law.
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Duyeon Kim
Associate
Nuclear Policy Program Kim is an expert on nuclear nonproliferation, nuclear security, and Asia. -
Rachel Kleinfeld
Senior Associate
Democracy and Rule of Law Program Kleinfeld is a senior associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program. She is the founder and president emeritus of the Truman National Security Project.
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Stefan Lehne
Visiting Scholar
Carnegie Europe Lehne is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, where his research focuses on the post–Lisbon Treaty development of the European Union’s foreign policy, with a specific focus on relations between the EU and member states. -
Ariel (Eli) Levite
Nonresident Senior Associate
Nuclear Policy Program Levite was the principal deputy director general for policy at the Israeli Atomic Energy Commission from 2002 to 2007.
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Alexey Malashenko
Scholar in Residence
Religion, Society, and Security Program
Moscow Center Malashenko is the co-chair of the Carnegie Moscow Center’s Religion, Society, and Security Program. He also taught at the Higher School of Economics from 2007 to 2008 and was a professor at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations from 2000 to 2006. - Jessica Tuchman Mathews President Mathews is president of the Carnegie Endowment. Before her appointment in 1997, her career included posts in both the executive and legislative branches of government, in management and research in the nonprofit arena, and in journalism and science policy.
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C. Raja Mohan
Nonresident Senior Associate
South Asia Program Mohan is a nonresident senior associate in Carnegie’s South Asia Program, where his research focuses on international security, defense, and Asian strategic issues. -
Ahmed Morsy
Nonresident Associate
Democracy and Rule of Law Program Morsy is a nonresident research associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
- Marwan Muasher Vice President for Studies Muasher is vice president for studies at Carnegie, where he oversees research in Washington and Beirut on the Middle East.
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Bernd von Muenchow-Pohl
Nonresident Scholar
South Asia Program Von Muenchow-Pohl is a nonresident scholar in Carnegie’s South Asia Program, where his work focuses on Indian domestic, foreign, and economic policy.
- Douglas H. Paal Vice President for Studies Paal previously served as vice chairman of JPMorgan Chase International and as unofficial U.S. representative to Taiwan as director of the American Institute in Taiwan.
- George Perkovich Vice President for Studies Perkovich’s research focuses on nuclear strategy and nonproliferation, with a concentration on South Asia, Iran, and the problem of justice in the international political economy.
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Karim Sadjadpour
Senior Associate
Middle East Program Sadjadpour, a leading researcher on Iran, has conducted dozens of interviews with senior Iranian officials and hundreds with Iranian intellectuals, clerics, dissidents, paramilitaries, businessmen, students, activists, and youth, among others. -
Tamanna Salikuddin
Nonresident Scholar
South Asia Program Salikuddin was director for Afghanistan and Pakistan at the U.S. National Security Council from 2011 to 2013. -
Yezid Sayigh
Senior Associate
Middle East Center Sayigh is a senior associate at the Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where his work focuses on the Syrian crisis, the political role of Arab armies, security sector transformation in Arab transitions, the reinvention of authoritarianism, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and peace process.
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James L. Schoff
Senior Associate
Asia Program Schoff is a senior associate in the Carnegie Asia Program. His research focuses on U.S.-Japanese relations and regional engagement, Japanese politics and security, and the private sector’s role in Japanese policymaking. -
Paul Schulte
Nonresident Senior Associate
Nuclear Policy Program and Carnegie Europe Schulte is a nonresident senior associate in the Carnegie Nuclear Policy Program and at Carnegie Europe, where his research focuses on the future of deterrence, nuclear strategy, nuclear nonproliferation, cybersecurity, and their political implications. -
Lilia Shevtsova
Senior Associate
Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions Program
Moscow Center Shevtsova chairs the Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center, dividing her time between Carnegie’s offices in Washington, DC, and Moscow. She has been with Carnegie since 1995.
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Ulrich Speck
Visiting Scholar
Carnegie Europe Speck is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, where his research focuses on the European Union’s foreign policy and Europe’s strategic role in a changing global environment. -
Michael D. Swaine
Senior Associate
Asia Program Swaine is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and one of the most prominent American analysts in Chinese security studies.
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Stephen Tankel
Nonresident Scholar
South Asia Program Tankel is a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment, where his research focuses on insurgency, terrorism, and the evolution of nonstate armed groups. -
Jan Techau
Director
Carnegie Europe Techau is the director of Carnegie Europe, the European center of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Techau works on EU integration and foreign policy, transatlantic affairs, and German foreign and security policy.
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Ashley J. Tellis
Senior Associate
South Asia Program Tellis is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace specializing in international security, defense, and Asian strategic issues. -
Petr Topychkanov
Associate
Nonproliferation Program
Moscow Center Topychkanov is an associate in the Carnegie Moscow Center’s Nonproliferation Program.
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Wang Tao
Resident Scholar
Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Wang, an expert on climate and energy issues, runs a program at the Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy that examines China’s climate and energy policies, with particular attention to transportation and international climate negotiation. -
Frederic Wehrey
Senior Associate
Middle East Program Wehrey’s research focuses on political reform and security issues in the Arab Gulf states, Libya, and U.S. policy in the Middle East more broadly. He was previously a senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation.
- Andrew S. Weiss Vice President for Studies Weiss is vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment, where he oversees research in Washington and Moscow on Russia and Eurasia.
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Katherine Wilkens
Deputy Director
Middle East Program Wilkens is the deputy director of the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment. Over the last two decades, she has held a number of senior positions in the U.S. government and nonprofit sector.
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James M. Acton
Senior Associate
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Global Centers
The Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy, through its partnership with Tsinghua University, brings together top experts from China and the international community to engage in collaborative dialogue and research on common global challenges.
The Carnegie Middle East Center is a recognized source of informed policy research and analysis on the challenges of political and socioeconomic development, peace, and security in the Middle East and North Africa.
Carnegie Europe aims to foster new thinking on the daunting international challenges shaping Europe’s role in the world.
The Carnegie Moscow Center was the first public policy research institution of its size and kind in the region. The center brings together senior researchers from across the Russian political spectrum and Carnegie’s global centers to provide an open forum for the discussion of critical issues.
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is the oldest international affairs think tank in the United States and the first global think tank.
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