New Regimes, Old Habits: The Reconfiguration of Crony Capitalism in the MENA Region

Thu. November 13th, 2025
Virtual

Over the past decade, several Middle Eastern and North African countries have undergone leadership transitions marked by supposed ruptures with corruption and cronyism. Rulers such as Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia, Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi of Egypt, Abdelmadjid Tebboune of Algeria, Kais Saied of Tunisia, and Ahmad al-Sharaa of post-Assad Syria have launched high-profile campaigns targeting business elites associated with former governing circles. Yet beneath narratives of renewal and reform, a subtle reconfiguration of state-business relations has occurred. Processes framed as anti-corruption campaigns, asset recovery initiatives, or reassertion of state control over capital have included political purges, rent redistribution, and the construction of new networks of patronage and loyalty.

To what extent have these “new” regimes reproduced “old” patterns of crony capitalism, rather than dismantled them? How have business elites adapted to shifting patronage structures? What do reconfigurations in state-business relations reveal about the evolving nature of authoritarian rule in the post-2011 MENA region? What can we discern about how business elites from the Assad era are being treated in Syria today, and what might this tell us about the future trajectory of Syria’s political economy?

To address these questions, the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center will host a panel discussion on Thursday, November 13, at 4:00 PM EET (UTC+2). The panel will consist of Yezid Sayigh, senior fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, Hamza Meddeb, research fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, and Idriss Hadj Nacer, a political economist and co-founder of Itri Insights.

The event will be in English and moderated by Nur Arafeh, fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center.

Viewers are invited to submit questions via the live chat feature on Facebook and YouTube.

For more information, please contact Najwa Yassine at najwa.yassine@carnegie-mec.org.

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
event speakers

Nur Arafeh

Fellow, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center

Nur Arafeh is a fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, where she is co-leading the program on the political economy of the MENA region. Her research focuses on the political economy of reconstruction, private sector development, business-state relations, food insecurity, and peacebuilding strategies.

Hamza Meddeb

Fellow, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center

Hamza Meddeb is a research fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where he co-leads the Political Economy Program

Yezid Sayigh

Senior Fellow, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center

Yezid Sayigh is a senior fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where he leads the program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States (CMRAS). His work focuses on the comparative political and economic roles of Arab armed forces, the impact of war on states and societies, the politics of postconflict reconstruction and security sector transformation in Arab transitions, and authoritarian resurgence.

Idriss Hadj Nacer

Political economist and co-founder of Itri Insights.

Idriss Hadj Nacer is a political economist and co-founder of Itri Insights, an economic research and business consulting firm. His research is centered on the intersection of economics, politics, international relations and ideological discourse.