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Background Note for December 8-9, 2000 Conference, Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia
In a major new report, An Agenda for Renewal: U.S.-Russian Relations, senior Carnegie Endowment experts call on the new U.S. administration to review its approach to dealing with Russia in several key policy areas.
On December 3, Pakistan announced that its armed forces along Kashmir's Line of Control (LoC) would immediately "observe maximum restraint in order to strengthen and stabilize the cease-fire." This was in response to an unprecedented Indian cease-fire against Kashmiri militants, which took effect on November 27. India says there has been a "recognizable reduction" in firing across the LoC, but by December 6, Indian troops had killed twelve suspected guerillas trying to cross the LoC, arguing that the cease-fire did not extend to infiltrators. Even as each side wondered about the motivations of the other, these developments have engendered cautious optimism about peace prospects in nuclear-armed South Asia, while demonstrating the many hurdles ahead.
The schedule for the Navy's Area missile defense program faces significant delays, according to a recent Pentagon comptroller report. The November report damages the case of experts pushing for a rapid deployment of naval-based national missile defenses.
The development of real output during the initial transition in East-Central Europe and the former Soviet Union rests on four factors: contraction prior to marketization, increased under-reporting of output, the reduction of value detraction, and the elimination of implicit trade subsidies. The Soviet economy was in a far worse shape than generally understood.
In determining how they should react to internal crises in other countries, the nations of the world need to consider under what conditions intervention is appropriate, which international actors should participate, and the best ways of carrying out interventions.