Russia has been in a post-empire state for the last 20 years. There is no way back to an empire now—Russia has passed the point of no return in this respect.
The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 ushered in a time of momentous social and political change, including in Russia, but Russia’s development followed a different path than that of many Eastern European countries.

Although Russia has officially recognized South Ossetia’s independence, neither Tskhinvali nor Moscow has clearly outlined the goals of a new state project or set out the mechanisms for its further development.

The main political issue facing Turkey in the Black Sea region is how to guarantee political and military security in the area as Ankara positions itself as a key regional actor and independent center of power.

The political, social, and cultural influence exerted by the ethnic solidarity of the Cherkessian people, located both in the Russian Federation and in the diaspora, has the potential to further destabilize the North Caucasus.

History is being newly politicized in Russia and in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and history itself is becoming a field of politics, but historians can and should resist manipulation by politicians.