Europe can pursue a more interests-based and assertive engagement with both China and India that finds the right mix of realism and self-confidence to make the most of its comparative advantages.
While the relationship between the European Union and India has a great deal of potential, it has underperformed. To revitalize it, both sides need to move from dialogue to joint action on a regional or multilateral level.
Despite initially high expectations, the enhanced relationship between India and the European Union has so far made relatively little impact and has fallen short of its own objectives.