Public attribution is an important yet sensitive issue in cyberspace interaction between China and the United States. The gaps that exist between the two countries’ understanding of the issue have posed a growing negative impact on maintaining stable and healthy China-U.S. relations, both in this area and in broader terms.

Cyber threats to nuclear command, control, and communications systems (NC3) attract increasing concerns. Carnegie and partners have developed a platform of unclassified knowledge to enable U.S.-China engagement on this issue.