Without an accompanying roadmap and buy-in from the population, a referendum on Libya’s draft constitution risks leaving Libya’s crisis of legitimacy unresolved.

Russia’s support for Khalifa Haftar in the name of countering terrorism could instead escalate Libya’s conflict and undermine the UN-sponsored political process.

Despite apparent progress toward a power-sharing agreement, Libya’s governing bodies still face problems of neutrality and representation that will hamper their ability to govern effectively.