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Despite a new IMF deal, Egypt’s economy still has a number of structural reforms that need to be dealt with.
Egypt is in a different league than its neighbors in the Eastern Mediterranean when it comes to oil and gas exploration.
In Libya, the struggle to root out the Islamic State goes beyond the battlefield to the broken state left behind by Muammar Qaddafi and the lack of international support following the 2011 uprising.
In Libya, the government and its network of loosely affiliated militias struggle to defeat the Islamic State while at the same time working to build a functioning Libyan state.
The shortcomings that characterized Egypt’s economy before the 2011 uprising remain in place. Until they are addressed, renewed political volatility remains possible.
Five years into the civil war in Syria, the effects have been felt globally and few paths toward peace appear viable.
Egypt’s economic crisis deprives the regime of the financial and economic resources needed to sustain a solid social base among public sector employees, and hence hinders the consolidation of authoritarian rule.
While Tunisia is often and rightly lauded for its progress, social inequality and regional asymmetries are undermining the country’s democratic transition.
The Syrian government has been able to offset its manpower shortage by relying on local actors with decades-old ties to the regime, but counting on these proxies may no longer be possible.
While the Islamic State is losing ground across Libya, divisions among various Libyan factions make it difficult for the unity government to convert the group’s defeat into legitimacy.