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Egypt’s political affliction is not one dictatorial person but a host of dictatorial institutions, and much of Egyptian society is a happy participant rather than cowering victim in the wave of repression.
Both Islamist and secular forces should work together to guarantee the right of others to operate in a democratic system, even if they don’t agree with the other’s views.
If the second Arab awakening is to be successful, it cannot just be a movement against despotic rule. It also has to be a movement for pluralism.
Washington must not pretend that some empty imitations of democratic processes, such as the recent referendum, constitute a meaningful return to the path toward “bread, freedom and social justice” that Egyptians rightfully demanded in 2011.
There are no short cuts to democracy or prosperity. The Second Arab Awakening has only just begun, and the end may not be known in this generation’s lifetime.
Three years after the Arab uprisings began in Tunisia and Egypt, Arab practitioners and experts will join Carnegie scholars for a day-long conference to examine the political, religious, and social trends shaping the future of the region.
Only through the painstaking process of constructing an Arab world defined by pluralism and tolerance can the dream of freedom and opportunity for the region be realized.
There has been growing interest in the role that minimum wage plays in achieving social justice, through improving the living standards of low-income workers and reducing inequality in the distribution of income among various segments of society.
Egypt’s new constitution will not heal the country’s deep political wounds but it could result in a more powerful and coherent government.
Regional problems from the past have whipped up tensions just as North Africa needs urgent security coordination and political cooperation.