Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Despite its ambitions, modern Georgia continues to wait for Europe’s full embrace. To turn romantic notions into more concrete realities, the next generation of Georgians must carve out a special place for themselves on the margins of Europe.
The pursuit of a strategic opening with Iran that begins with the reconstitution of the JCPOA offers a sound way to address the damage caused by Trump’s failed maximum pressure policies, pause hostilities while restarting talks, and set a foundation for more expansive U.S.-Iran dialogue on a range of issues.
As President Joe Biden begins to recalibrate the United States’ role and place in the world after Trump’s tumultuous presidency, South Korean President Moon Jae-in enters his last year in power. How much influence Moon can have in shaping Biden’s North Korea policy is unclear.
Perhaps the most intriguing development of this fourth round, particularly for those who believe in the importance of strengthening Israeli democracy and integrating Israel's Arab citizens into the body politic was the performance of the United Arab List.
As India’s economy recovers from the coronavirus pandemic, Indian businesses need efficient financial structures to regain their ground. Key reforms to India’s Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code could fill these gaps.
Social media and messaging platforms are de facto regulators of online speech and therefore key decisionmakers in combating online influence operations. In recent years, major platforms have begun maintaining public “community standards”—written policies on a wide range of problematic activity like hate speech, violence, and influence operations.
How are threats of force conveyed in cyberspace? When hackers compromised the SolarWinds Orion software in the spring of 2020, they trojanized the so-called Sunburst backdoor, a system designed to communicate with third-party providers.
In the first two months in office, Biden's administration has already tangled publicly with adversaries and allies over human rights and democracy.
The encryption debate in Brazil, much as in Latin America and the Caribbean and across most of the globe, continues to be framed as a tension between, on the one hand, data and communications security and, on the other hand, accessibility for law enforcement and national security purposes.
The key issues around Australia’s encryption laws are oversight and the scope of the laws. Opposition parties and the INSLM want more oversight and a narrower scope. Intelligence agencies are happy with what they have, but they wouldn’t object to having less oversight.
The direction of encryption policy in India remains nebulous, balancing imperatives of the privacy of the individual, the security of digital infrastructure, and government access to personal data, a balance that has only become harder to strike following the unprecedented surge in digitization of government, business, and daily life during the pandemic.
Germany’s government has supported widespread, strong, and unregulated encryption. Instead of focusing on regulating encryption itself, Germany has worked to enable its security agencies to conduct targeted remote hacking operations.
The encryption debate in the European Union (EU) continues to evolve, with new drivers, stronger tools, and increasingly higher stakes. The debate among policymakers and experts is maturing, but there is a widening knowledge gap between political elites and the public around encryption.
Chinese encryption policy is shaped by two competing interests—political control and commercial development.
A coalition of democracies is sanctioning China for its treatment of Uyghurs. Does this herald a new joint strategy among democracies for addressing China’s human rights violations in Xinjiang?
This book unpacks the international challenges facing the EU in recent years—including a weakened global order, a securitized worldview, geo-economic competition, climate change, and conflicts to the east and south—before turning to examine how the union has responded and how the bloc’s core international identity has changed.
Over time, the Kuwait-Saudi border has developed a unique, flexible approach of firm physical boundaries but open economic boundaries. This approach allows both countries to resolve border disputes, such as an oil-related dispute from 2009 to 2019, but more investment could further strengthen Kuwait-Saudi ties.
Increasing diversity in the field of countering influence operations is essential to the field’s future. Members of the counter–influence operations community discuss the barriers to greater diversity and recommendations for making progress.
North Korea recently test-fired two short-range ballistic missiles. Described by state media as “new-type tactical guided projectiles,” the missiles in question appeared to be the same, unidentified short-range ballistic missile system that North Korea showed off at its Jan. 2021 military parade.
The spread of infectious diseases is a long-term, continually evolving threat, and India needs a full-time governmental body to prevent and mitigate impending biological disasters.