Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
The papers included in this volume comprise research from participants in the 2021 Nuclear Scholars Initiative.
To make expansion into space a boon for human development, sustainability, and peace is an extremely tall order: humans don’t have precedents for the necessary political-economic conditions.
Therefore, it is clear that, for reasons related in part to these risks, in part to the potential damage to their reputation, Xi and his colleagues have chosen to stick to the most prudent course in human terms. That choice is also consistent with their obsession with geopolitical risk.
Adding the company to the SDN List could lead to unpredictable consequences for the United States and the world.
In 1919, the renowned British economist John Maynard Keynes wrote The Economic Consequences of the Peace, a book that would prove controversial indeed.
The proposal’s structure aims to minimize price spikes but doesn’t address reduced consumption.
Given past failures and the many challenges involved in creating security institutions in Northeast Asia, creativity and flexibility will be key to designing a twenty-first-century architecture for the region.
To better understand the various paths by which societies might overcome or reduce political divisions, this working paper examines perniciously polarized countries that have successfully depolarized, at least for a time.
The U.S.-Saudi relationship has always been transactional. And that's the way Biden should approach any reconciliation.
What made this so extraordinary is that at the moment the Lend-Lease program was launched in March 1941, the US was not in the war. Lend-Lease was the decisive moment in which the US, while not a combatant, abandoned neutrality. It forced jurists to come up with a new term to describe a stance of “non-belligerence”.
The Conservative and Labour parties continue their face-off ahead of the midterm elections in the UK. The resulting outcome of seven councils will reveal the strengths and weaknesses of these two parties, as well as who is likely to win the next general election.
Recent elections in Europe may provide Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan with useful examples on how to undermine the integrity of the country’s democratic processes. These include the use of disinformation, media blackouts, and state resources to advantage the incumbent party.
Rodrigo Chaves’s election reveals that antiestablishment sentiment remains strong across Latin America.
The 2013 Karachi Operation has engendered lasting instability in Pakistan’s largest city. Religious, military, and political groups vie for power over a multiethnic and divided populace as the threat of violence lingers.
The regime has no more screws to turn, and only one pedal is left: conflating what Russia is doing in Ukraine with the 1945 victory over Nazi Germany.
In this, the dictator and the entrepreneur show some parallels. Putin wanted Ukraine and Musk wanted Twitter. The first illegally invaded the neighboring country and the second legally bought a company for $44 billion.
The Cybersecurity, Capacity Development, and Financial Inclusion project brings together a robust, transparent community of practitioners and researchers working on digital financial inclusion.
Major powers view the ocean as three regions, but that outdated understanding hinders their ability to assess its strategic importance.
South Africa is a leading financial hub in Africa, with around $1 trillion in annual cross-border banking transactions. Yet this is being undermined by high levels of physical, political, and digital risk.
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and its conduct in the course of the war presents a serious threat not only to the Ukrainian state and its population, but to the humanitarian principles and restraints that are the bedrock of the modern international system.