North Africa

    • Commentary

    President Obama and Middle East Expectations

    • Amr HamzawyMarina Ottaway, Gamal al-Ghitany, Salah ad-Din al-Jourchi, Khaled al-Hroub, Mustapha al-Khalfi
    • January 14, 2009

    Barack Obama's election was celebrated throughout the Middle East. But enthusiasm could quickly turn to hostility if the new administration does not back up its rhetoric with concrete changes to U.S. Middle East policy on three key issues: Palestine, Iraq, and political reform.

    • Commentary

    Arab Constitutional Manipulations

    Arab regimes have shown an extraordinary ability to renovate and develop their instruments of authoritarian rule. Despite moments of public activism and the relative rise in demand for democracy in many Arab countries in recent years, ruling elites have not lost their grip on public affairs and have proven in the final analysis that they alone control the direction and substance of policy.

    • Event

    Speaking Clearly: What Should President Obama Say to the Middle East?

    Observers in the Middle East will scrutinize President-elect Barack Obama's early speeches for hints on the new administration's policy in the region. Given the complexity of conflicts in the region, President-elect Obama should be clear and modest in his approach but should nonetheless articulate principles that will underlie the U.S. approach.

    • Commentary

    Gaza Stakes are High for Egypt’s Leaders

    The Israeli attack on Gaza is a tragedy for Palestinians and a high-risk enterprise for Israel, but the ongoing conflict also has worrisome implications for Egypt, which shares an unhappy border with the embattled territory.

    • Commentary

    Between Ideology and Tactics

    Moderate Islamist movements that have adopted the strategic option of taking part in official political life in the Arab world are up against a range of ideological and tactical obstacles associated that help limit the degree of their commitment to democratic standards and processes.

    • Event

    Europe, the United States, and the Middle East: New Avenues for Cooperation?

    European priorities for Middle East policy include greater engagement with the Arab-Israeli peace process and with Iran. The advent of a new U.S. administration and greater diplomatic engagement by Arab states offer the hope of new approaches and possibilities for cooperation.

    • Research

    Islamists in Politics: The Dynamics of Participation

    Despite limited electoral success, Islamist movements in the Middle East have failed to influence policy and are criticized by their base for abandoning their religious commitments. Marina Ottaway and Amr Hamzawy explain that Islamist movements must convince their supporters that political participation is the best long-term means to affect government despite seemingly poor short-term gains.

    • Research

    American Presidential Election Results and their Implications for America’s Image and Policies in the Middle East

    • Ahmed Saif
    • December 08, 2008

    The Democrats’ landslide victory over their Republican opponents in house and senate races and Obama’s seizure of the White House represent a harsh indictment of Bush’s presidency, one that has seen the highest disapproval ratings (71 percent) recorded by Gallup. Will the Democrats’ victory in 2008 mark an ideological transformation similar to the one initiated by Reagan’s election in 1980?

    • Research

    Obama’s Middle East Policy: What the Arab World Expects

    Amid the overwhelming popular enthusiasm and unprecedented media coverage in the Arab world that accompanied the 2008 U.S. presidential elections, the Carnegie Middle East Center provided an open forum for distinguished Arab observers to share their thoughts on future American policies in the Middle East.

    • Research

    Social Significance of Obama's Election

    • Gamal Al-Ghitany
    • December 05, 2008

    The U.S. election was not merely a local affair as the world awaited its outcome with great intensity. The current U.S. election opened our eyes to the merits of American democracy in particular and those of Western democracy in general.

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