Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Finland’s example demonstrates that resilience takes resolve and resources, spent on national security and educating the citizenry about the country’s place in the world.
As cyberspace has emerged as a new frontier for geopolitics, states have become entrepreneurial in their sponsorship, deployment, and exploitation of hackers as proxies to project power.
Cyber, like the nuclear field, is now a leading means through which international relations play out today.
The story of Karim Baratov and Alexsey Belan provides insight into proxy relationships between the Russian state and hackers.
Many states are employing ostensibly independent hackers as proxies to project influence both domestically and overseas.
Many states outsource their cyber operations to non-state actors, with varying degrees of control over their actions. The crisis in Ukraine is a perfect example of this phenomenon.
To understand how Iran uses cyber proxies, it’s important to understand how Tehran thinks about cyber security in the first place.
Authoritarian governments are seamlessly blending offline and online tactics into hybrid repression.
As cyberspace has emerged as the new frontier for geopolitics, states have become entrepreneurial in their sponsorship, deployment, and exploitation of hackers as proxies to project power.
It is necessary to move past the idea of artificial intelligence being a replacement for humans across the board, and begin having a deeper conversation about its effectiveness as a tool in the hands of humans.