Political Reform

Analysis

    • Op-Ed

    Arab Spring Fever

    A series of unusual scenes on the streets of the Middle East nurtured an inspiring story line of an emerging “Arab spring” that mimicked the earlier triumph of democracy from the Philippines to Prague: mass demonstrations in Lebanon; joint rallies of Egyptian Islamists and liberals against the Mubarak regime; and elections in Iraq, the Palestinian territories, Lebanon, Egypt and even Saudi Arabia.

    • Op-Ed

    Reins on Remembrance: 70 Years After Stalin's Purge, Candor Has Its Limits

    This month marks 70 years since the drastic surge of Stalin's terror: In 1937 the Kremlin butcher scrapped even the faintest appearance of court procedures. The infamous "troika trials" -- a system of justice by rubber-stamped death sentences -- killed more than 436,000 in one year. The anniversary observances were intended to honor the victims. But the ceremony held earlier this month at Butovo, the site of mass killings on the outskirts of Moscow, revealed the government's desire to keep the public's mind off reflections about terror and its perpetrators.

    • Op-Ed

    Turd Blossom: Karl Rove's Dreams Go Down the Toilet

    Rove has always wanted to be something more than a master manipulator; he wanted to be "the architect" (in Bush's words) of a realignment that would do for the Republican Party what the New Deal had done for the Democratic Party. Despite the sweeping Democratic victory in the 2006 election, Rove has still not abandoned his dream.

    • Op-Ed

    Big Democracy: Appreciating the Miracle of India's Triumph Over Chaos

    Against the odds of staggering poverty, conflicting religious passions, linguistic pluralism, regional separatism, caste injustice and natural resource scarcity, Indians have lifted themselves largely by their own sandal straps to become a stalwart democracy and emerging global power.

    • Op-Ed

    Death Grip: How Political Psychology Explains Bush's Ghastly Success

    In June 2004, I went door to door in a white, working- class neighborhood of Martinsburg, West Virginia, a small blue-collar town in decline. There, I found voters disillusioned with both the Iraq war and the flagging economy. But, when I returned five months later-- the Sunday before the election--I had difficulty digging up anyone who didn't plan to vote for George W. Bush.

    • Op-Ed

    The India Nuclear Deal: The Top Rule-maker Bends the Rules

    The White House reached a deal late last month to provide India with U.S. civil nuclear cooperation, reversing a ban on such cooperation that had been in place since 1978. After India's first nuclear test in 1974, the United States decided to halt nuclear exports to countries that have not signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, and persuaded the rest of the world's nuclear suppliers to make this a global rule in 1992. India, Israel and Pakistan refused to sign the treaty and instead produced nuclear arsenals. The Bush administration now wants to remove the longstanding restrictions on India, and to persuade the rest of the world to do the same.

    • Op-Ed

    Islamist Lessons in Turkey

    The major electoral success of the Turkish Justice and Development Party (JDP) led by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan urges reflection on the experience of Turkish Islamists and the trajectory of the development of their political identity. It further urges study of their role in public life and the ramifications that the Turkish experience may have on Islamist activity in the Arab world.

    • Op-Ed

    Trust Fall: China's Alarming Penchant For Secrecy

    Despite becoming more transparent in recent years, Beijing's first instinct, when presented with crises, is to slam the door. And as long as it does so, it will never truly enjoy the world's confidence.

    • Op-Ed

    Anti-Westernism is the New National Idea

    The Russian political elite has long dreamed of finding a national idea capable of rallying the people. Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev tried to consolidate the country with his idea of socialism "with a human face." Former President Boris Yeltsin roused the people around anti-communism. Putin's motto is: "Russia is back!"

    • Response to The Democracy Crusade Myth

      Tony Smith's response to Tom Carothers article, The Democracy Crusade Myth. and Carothers' retort.

    Carnegie Experts on
    Political Reform

    • expert thumbnail - Adebahr
      Cornelius Adebahr
      Nonresident Fellow
      Carnegie Europe
      Adebahr is a nonresident fellow at Carnegie Europe. His research focuses on foreign and security policy, in particular regarding Iran and the Persian Gulf, on European and transatlantic affairs, and on citizens’ engagement.
    • expert thumbnail - Al Talei
      Rafiah Al Talei
      Contributing Editor
      Middle East Program
      Rafiah Al Talei is the contributing Arabic editor for Sada in Carnegie’s Middle East Program
    • expert thumbnail - Al-Saif
      Bader Al-Saif
      Nonresident Fellow
      Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
      Bader Mousa Al-Saif is a nonresident fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where his research focuses on the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula.
    • expert thumbnail - Baer
      Dan Baer
      Senior Fellow
      Europe Program
      Dan Baer is a senior fellow in the Europe program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
    • expert thumbnail - Baunov
      Alexander Baunov
      Senior Fellow
      Editor in Chief of Carnegie.ru
      Carnegie Moscow Center
      Baunov is a senior fellow at the Carnegie Moscow Center and editor in chief of Carnegie.ru.
    • expert thumbnail - Bellows
      Abigail Bellows
      Nonresident Scholar
      Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
      Abigail Bellows is a nonresident scholar in the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
    • expert thumbnail - Boukhars
      Anouar Boukhars
      Nonresident Fellow
      Middle East Program
      Boukhars is a nonresident fellow in Carnegie’s Middle East Program. He is a professor of countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism at the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University.
    • expert thumbnail - Brechenmacher
      Saskia Brechenmacher
      Fellow
      Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
      Saskia Brechenmacher is a PhD candidate at the University of Cambridge and a fellow in Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where her research focuses on gender, civil society, and democratic governance.
    • expert thumbnail - Brown
      Frances Z. Brown
      Senior Fellow
      Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
      Dr. Frances Z. Brown is a senior fellow with Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, who previously worked at the White House, USAID, and in non-governmental organizations. She writes on conflict, governance, and U.S. foreign policy.
    • expert thumbnail - Brown
      Nathan J. Brown
      Nonresident Senior Fellow
      Middle East Program
      Brown, a professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, is a distinguished scholar and author of six well-received books on Arab politics.
    • expert thumbnail - Carothers
      Thomas Carothers
      Harvey V. Fineberg Chair for Democracy Studies
      Senior Vice President for Studies
      Thomas Carothers is senior vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He is a leading authority on international support for democracy, human rights, governance, the rule of law, and civil society.
    • expert thumbnail - de Waal
      Thomas de Waal
      Senior Fellow
      Carnegie Europe
      De Waal is a senior fellow with Carnegie Europe, specializing in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus region.
    • expert thumbnail - Dunne
      Michele Dunne
      Director and Senior Fellow
      Middle East Program
      Dunne is an expert on political and economic change in Arab countries, particularly Egypt, as well as U.S. policy in the Middle East.
    • expert thumbnail - Farouk
      Yasmine Farouk
      Visiting Fellow
      Middle East Program
      Yasmine Farouk is a visiting fellow in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
    • expert thumbnail - Feigenbaum
      Evan A. Feigenbaum
      Vice President for Studies
      Evan A. Feigenbaum is vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he oversees research in Washington, Beijing and New Delhi on a dynamic region encompassing both East Asia and South Asia.
    • expert thumbnail - Feldstein
      Steven Feldstein
      Senior Fellow
      Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
      Steven Feldstein is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where he focuses on issues of democracy, technology, human rights, U.S. foreign policy, conflict trends, and Africa.
    • expert thumbnail - Gaaze
      Konstantin Gaaze
      Konstantin Gaaze is a sociologist, and a journalist.
    • expert thumbnail - Gabuev
      Alexander Gabuev
      Senior Fellow and Chair
      Russia in the Asia-Pacific Program
      Carnegie Moscow Center
      Gabuev is a senior fellow and the chair of the Russia in the Asia-Pacific Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center.
    • expert thumbnail - Ghanem
      Dalia Ghanem
      Resident Scholar
      Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
      Dalia Ghanem is a resident scholar at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where her work examines political and extremist violence, radicalization, Islamism, and jihadism with an emphasis on Algeria.
    • expert thumbnail - Ghattas
      Kim Ghattas
      Nonresident Senior Fellow
      Kim Ghattas is a nonresident senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
    • expert thumbnail - Gokhale
      Vijay Gokhale
      Nonresident Senior Fellow
      Carnegie India
      Mr. Vijay Gokhale is a nonresident senior fellow at Carnegie India and the former foreign secretary of India.
    • expert thumbnail - Gottemoeller
      Rose Gottemoeller
      Nonresident Senior Fellow
      Nuclear Policy Program
      Rose Gottemoeller is a nonresident senior fellow in Carnegie’s Nuclear Policy Program. She also serves as the Frank E. and Arthur W. Payne Distinguished Lecturer at Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution.
    • expert thumbnail - Hamzawy
      Amr Hamzawy
      Nonresident Senior Fellow
      Middle East Program
      Amr Hamzawy studied political science and developmental studies in Cairo, The Hague, and Berlin.
    • expert thumbnail - Hasan
      Harith Hasan
      Nonresident Senior Fellow
      Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
      Harith Hasan is a nonresident senior fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, where his research focuses on Iraq, sectarianism, identity politics, religious actors, and state-society relations.
    • expert thumbnail - Hellyer
      H. A. Hellyer
      Nonresident Scholar
      Middle East Program
      Dr. H.A. Hellyer is a senior associate fellow and scholar at the Royal United Services Institute in London and a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. His research focuses on politics, international relations, security, and religion in the West and the Arab world.
    • expert thumbnail - Huang
      Yukon Huang
      Senior Fellow
      Asia Program
      Huang is a senior fellow in the Carnegie Asia Program, where his research focuses on China’s economy and its regional and global impact.
    • expert thumbnail - Jaffrey
      Sana Jaffrey
      Nonresident Scholar
      Asia Program
      Sana Jaffrey is a nonresident scholar in the Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Her research focuses on violent conflict and the challenges of state-building in developing democracies.
    • expert thumbnail - Kellner
      Peter Kellner
      Visiting Scholar
      Carnegie Europe
      Kellner is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe, where his research focuses on Brexit, populism, and electoral democracy.
    • expert thumbnail - Khaddour
      Kheder Khaddour
      Nonresident Scholar
      Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
      Kheder Khaddour is a nonresident scholar at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut. His research centers on civil military relations and local identities in the Levant, with a focus on Syria.
    • expert thumbnail - Kleinfeld
      Rachel Kleinfeld
      Senior Fellow
      Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
      Kleinfeld is a senior fellow in the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program. She was the founding CEO of the Truman National Security Project.
    • expert thumbnail - Kolesnikov
      Andrei Kolesnikov
      Senior Fellow and Chair
      Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions Program
      Carnegie Moscow Center
      Kolesnikov is a senior fellow and the chair of the Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center.
    • expert thumbnail - Kozhanov
      Nikolay Kozhanov
      Former nonresident scholar
      Foreign and Security Policy Program
      Moscow Center
      Kozhanov is a former nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Moscow Center and a contributing expert to the Moscow-based Institute of the Middle East.
    • expert thumbnail - Le Corre
      Philippe Le Corre
      Nonresident Senior Fellow
      Europe Program
      Asia Program
      Philippe Le Corre is a nonresident senior fellow in the Europe and Asia Programs at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
    • expert thumbnail - Lee
      Chung Min Lee
      Senior Fellow
      Asia Program
      Chung Min Lee is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Asia Program. He is an expert on Korean and Northeast Asian security, defense, intelligence, and crisis management.
    • expert thumbnail - Lehne
      Stefan Lehne
      Visiting Scholar
      Carnegie Europe
      Lehne is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, where his research focuses on the post–Lisbon Treaty development of the European Union’s foreign policy, with a specific focus on relations between the EU and member states.
    • expert thumbnail - Linfield
      David Linfield
      Visiting Scholar
      Middle East Program
      David Linfield is a visiting scholar in Carnegie’s Middle East Program, where he specializes in how socioeconomic inequality is reshaping political alliances and driving new pressure for change.
    • expert thumbnail - Mathews
      Jessica Tuchman Mathews
      Distinguished Fellow
      Mathews is a distinguished fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. She served as Carnegie’s president for 18 years.
    • expert thumbnail - Mbarek
      Nesrine Mbarek
      Gardner Fellow
      Middle East Program
      Nesrine Mbarek is a John Gardner Fellow for Public Service working at Carnegie’s Middle East Program.
    • expert thumbnail - McDonough
      Denis McDonough
      Nonresident Scholar
      Technology and International Affairs Program
      Denis McDonough is a nonresident scholar in Carnegie’s Technology and International Affairs Program.
    • expert thumbnail - Meddeb
      Hamza Meddeb
      Nonresident Scholar
      Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
      Hamza Meddeb is a nonresident scholar at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, where his research focuses on economic reform, political economy of conflicts, and border insecurity across the Middle East and North Africa.
    • expert thumbnail - Miller
      Andrew Miller
      Nonresident Scholar
      Middle East Program
      Andrew Miller is a nonresident scholar in Carnegie’s Middle East Program.
    • expert thumbnail - Movchan
      Andrey Movchan
      Nonresident Scholar
      Economic Policy Program
      Carnegie Moscow Center
      Movchan is a nonresident scholar in the Economic Policy Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center.
    • expert thumbnail - Muasher
      Marwan Muasher
      Vice President for Studies
      Muasher is vice president for studies at Carnegie, where he oversees research in Washington and Beirut on the Middle East.
    • expert thumbnail - Nagi
      Ahmed Nagi
      Nonresident Scholar
      Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
      Ahmed Nagi is a nonresident scholar at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where his research centers on Yemen.
    • expert thumbnail - Nerguizian
      Aram Nerguizian
      Senior Advisor
      Program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States
      Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
      Aram Nerguizian is senior advisor of the Program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, where his work focuses on the Lebanese security sector, long-term force transformation in the Levant, and efforts to develop national security institutions in post-conflict and divided societies.
    • expert thumbnail - O’Donohue
      Andrew O’Donohue
      Nonresident Research Assistant
      Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
      Andrew O’Donohue is a nonresident research assistant in the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where his research focuses on political polarization and challenges facing democratic governance.
    • expert thumbnail - Ohanyan
      Anna Ohanyan
      Nonresident Senior Scholar
      Russia and Eurasia Program
      Anna Ohanyan is a nonresident senior scholar in the Russia and Eurasia Program.
    • expert thumbnail - Paal
      Douglas H. Paal
      Nonresident Scholar
      Asia Program
      Paal previously served as vice chairman of JPMorgan Chase International and as unofficial U.S. representative to Taiwan as director of the American Institute in Taiwan.
    • expert thumbnail - Pierini
      Marc Pierini
      Visiting Scholar
      Carnegie Europe
      Pierini is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe, where his research focuses on developments in the Middle East and Turkey from a European perspective.
    • expert thumbnail - Quarcoo
      Ashley Quarcoo
      Senior Fellow
      Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
      Ashley Quarcoo is an international development practitioner and senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
    • expert thumbnail - Ryu
      Rexon Y. Ryu
      Nonresident Senior Fellow
      Ryu is a nonresident senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he leads an initiative focused on the intersection of diplomacy, technology, and innovation.
    • expert thumbnail - Sadjadpour
      Karim Sadjadpour
      Senior Fellow
      Middle East Program
      Karim Sadjadpour is a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he focuses on Iran and U.S. foreign policy toward the Middle East.
    • expert thumbnail - Samorukov
      Maxim Samorukov
      Fellow
      Deputy Editor of Carnegie.ru
      Carnegie Moscow Center
      Samorukov is a fellow at the Carnegie Moscow Center and deputy editor of Carnegie.ru.
    • expert thumbnail - Sayigh
      Yezid Sayigh
      Senior Fellow
      Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
      Yezid Sayigh is a senior fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where he leads the program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States (CMRAS). His work focuses on the comparative political and economic roles of Arab armed forces and nonstate actors, the impact of war on states and societies, and the politics of postconflict reconstruction and security sector transformation in Arab transitions, and authoritarian resurgence.
    • Viktoria Shapovalova
      Executive Assistant to the Director
      Program Coordinator
      Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions
    • expert thumbnail - Slater
      Dan Slater
      Nonresident Scholar
      Asia Program
      Dan Slater is a nonresident scholar in the Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He specializes in the politics and history of enduring dictatorships and emerging democracies, with a regional focus on Southeast Asia.
    • expert thumbnail - Stanovaya
      Tatiana Stanovaya
      Nonresident Scholar
      Carnegie Moscow Center
      Tatiana Stanovaya is a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Moscow Center.
    • expert thumbnail - Stronski
      Paul Stronski
      Senior Fellow
      Russia and Eurasia Program
      Paul Stronski is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Russia and Eurasia Program, where his research focuses on the relationship between Russia and neighboring countries in Central Asia and the South Caucasus.
    • expert thumbnail - Toronto
      Nathan Toronto
      Commissioning Editor
      Program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States
      Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
      Nathan Toronto is the commissioning editor for the Program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center. His research and practitioner work focus on civil-military relations, battlefield effectiveness, military recruitment and education, and Middle East security, especially in the Gulf region.
    • expert thumbnail - Trenin
      Dmitri Trenin
      Director
      Carnegie Moscow Center
      Trenin, director of the Carnegie Moscow Center, has been with the center since its inception. He also chairs the research council and the Foreign and Security Policy Program.
    • expert thumbnail - Ülgen
      Sinan Ülgen
      Visiting Scholar
      Carnegie Europe
      Ülgen is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, where his research focuses on Turkish foreign policy, nuclear policy, cyberpolicy, and transatlantic relations.
    • expert thumbnail - Walles
      Jake Walles
      Nonresident Senior Fellow
      Middle East Program
      Jake Walles is a nonresident senior fellow in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he focuses on Israeli-Palestinian issues, Tunisia, and counterterrorism.
    • expert thumbnail - Wehrey
      Frederic Wehrey
      Senior Fellow
      Middle East Program
      Frederic Wehrey is a senior fellow in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. His research deals with armed conflict, security sectors, and identity politics, with a focus on Libya, North Africa, and the Gulf.
    • expert thumbnail - Yahya
      Maha Yahya
      Director
      Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
      Yahya is director of the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, where her research focuses on citizenship, pluralism, and social justice in the aftermath of the Arab uprisings.
    • expert thumbnail - Yerkes
      Sarah Yerkes
      Senior Fellow
      Middle East Program
      Sarah Yerkes is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Middle East Program, where her research focuses on Tunisia’s political, economic, and security developments as well as state-society relations in the Middle East and North Africa.
    • expert thumbnail - Youngs
      Richard Youngs
      Senior Fellow
      Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
      Richard Youngs is a senior fellow in the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, based at Carnegie Europe. He works on EU foreign policy and on issues of international democracy.

    Sign up for
    Carnegie Email

    Personal Information
    Please note...

    You are leaving the website for the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy and entering a website for another of Carnegie's global centers.

    请注意...

    你将离开清华—卡内基中心网站,进入卡内基其他全球中心的网站。