Political Reform

Analysis

    • Op-Ed

    Deconstructing Islamist Participation

    At a time when Islamist movements across the Arab world have chosen to participate in official political processes, grave concerns have arisen over the nature and repercussions of this participation and over whether the Islamists are equipped to rule should they rise to power through democratic means.

    • Op-Ed

    Revolutionary Guards Have Financial Interest in Keeping Iran Isolated

    Elements within Iran’s Revolutionary Guards have an economic motivation in keeping Iran relatively isolated in the world, and in encouraging the latest domestic crackdowns.

    • Testimony

    The Situation in Iraq

    The premise of the United States' current strategy in Iraq — that a political solution would follow if the violence could be reduced — is false. What is underway today in Iraq is a natural and inevitable struggle for power. The American presence delays what will eventually happen anyway.

    • The Debate on “Sequencing”

      The July 2007 issue of Journal of Democracy showcases a debate on Thomas Carothers’ “The ‘Sequencing’ Fallacy” featuring Edward Mansfield, Jack Snyder, Francis Fukuyama, Sheri Berman, and Carothers. Mansfield and Snyder reassert their view that rapid democratization can be a dangerous recipe for civil or interstate violence. Carothers responds by explaining that Mansfield and Snyder mischaracterize his analysis while failing to address his central assertions.

      • Op-Ed

      "Made In China" Label Won't Survive Without Rule of Law

      If foreign consumers — and their governments — believe that Chinese products are unfit for consumption and the Chinese government is not taking effective measures, they will curtail Chinese imports significantly. The “Made in China” label, now synonymous with low prices, could quickly lose its consumer appeal.

      • Op-Ed

      U.S.-Russian Relations: Former U.S. Ambassador Assesses Summit

      There were smiles and sunshine and seacoast, but what exactly did the Bush-Putin summit succeed at, and fail at? RFE/RL correspondent Heather Maher asks James Collins -- the U.S. ambassador to Russia from 1997-2001, and now the director of the Russian and Eurasian program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington -- to tally the wins and losses.

      • Op-Ed

      Across Asia the Generals Strike Back

      Once at the vanguard of democratization in the developing world, South and East Asia now find their democracies in peril. Only months after the Thai military made its move last summer, the armed forces in Bangladesh and Fiji also grabbed power. Meanwhile, rulers in Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Pakistan and the Philippines have taken steps to further stymie democratic reform.

      • Op-Ed

      Putin's Power Vacuum

      here's a sea of rumors and theories raging about the Russian presidential succession and what Vladimir Putin would do after -- and if -- he stepped down. The diversity of theories is impressive, illustrating how unpredictable and potentially unstable the situation may become. The range of guesses made by pundits, Kremlin insiders, political analysts and experts at home and abroad is getting broader, not narrower, as the election draws nearer. Moreover, those who venture guesses don't seem to be basing them on even partial knowledge; rather, it's a desire by each to sound more interesting than the other guy.

      • Op-Ed

      Musharraf in the Twilight

      The end of Gen. Pervez Musharraf's era in Pakistan approaches. Since March 9, demonstrations have mounted to protest his dismissal of the independent chief justice of the Supreme Court, Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry. On May 12, protests resulted in carnage during which more than 40 people were killed, mostly from the opposition. The pro-Musharraf Muttahida Qwami Movement (MQM) was held responsible by the majority of the Pakistani press. The Pakistani army's authority is now being challenged like never before. A taboo has been broken and Musharraf's government has made mistake after mistake, exposing its true dictatorial nature and also its weakness.

      • The Democracy Crusade Myth

        ATTENTION in Washington begins to turn to the likely or desired shape of a post-Bush foreign policy, calls for a return to realism are increasingly heard. A common theme is that the United States should back away from what is often characterized as a reckless Bush crusade to promote democracy around the world. Although it is certainly true that U.S. foreign policy is due for a serious recalibration, the notion that democracy promotion plays a dominant role in Bush policy is a myth.

      Carnegie Experts on
      Political Reform

      • expert thumbnail - Adebahr
        Cornelius Adebahr
        Nonresident Fellow
        Carnegie Europe
        Adebahr is a nonresident fellow at Carnegie Europe. His research focuses on foreign and security policy, in particular regarding Iran and the Persian Gulf, on European and transatlantic affairs, and on citizens’ engagement.
      • expert thumbnail - Al Talei
        Rafiah Al Talei
        Contributing Editor
        Middle East Program
        Rafiah Al Talei is the contributing Arabic editor for Sada in Carnegie’s Middle East Program
      • expert thumbnail - Al-Saif
        Bader Al-Saif
        Nonresident Fellow
        Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
        Bader Mousa Al-Saif is a nonresident fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where his research focuses on the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula.
      • expert thumbnail - Baer
        Dan Baer
        Senior Fellow
        Europe Program
        Dan Baer is a senior fellow in the Europe program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
      • expert thumbnail - Baunov
        Alexander Baunov
        Senior Fellow
        Editor in Chief of Carnegie.ru
        Carnegie Moscow Center
        Baunov is a senior fellow at the Carnegie Moscow Center and editor in chief of Carnegie.ru.
      • expert thumbnail - Bellows
        Abigail Bellows
        Nonresident Scholar
        Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
        Abigail Bellows is a nonresident scholar in the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
      • expert thumbnail - Boukhars
        Anouar Boukhars
        Nonresident Fellow
        Middle East Program
        Boukhars is a nonresident fellow in Carnegie’s Middle East Program. He is a professor of countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism at the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University.
      • expert thumbnail - Brechenmacher
        Saskia Brechenmacher
        Fellow
        Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
        Saskia Brechenmacher is a PhD candidate at the University of Cambridge and a fellow in Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where her research focuses on gender, civil society, and democratic governance.
      • expert thumbnail - Brown
        Frances Z. Brown
        Senior Fellow
        Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
        Dr. Frances Z. Brown is a senior fellow with Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, who previously worked at the White House, USAID, and in non-governmental organizations. She writes on conflict, governance, and U.S. foreign policy.
      • expert thumbnail - Brown
        Nathan J. Brown
        Nonresident Senior Fellow
        Middle East Program
        Brown, a professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, is a distinguished scholar and author of six well-received books on Arab politics.
      • expert thumbnail - Carothers
        Thomas Carothers
        Harvey V. Fineberg Chair for Democracy Studies
        Senior Vice President for Studies
        Thomas Carothers is senior vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He is a leading authority on international support for democracy, human rights, governance, the rule of law, and civil society.
      • expert thumbnail - de Waal
        Thomas de Waal
        Senior Fellow
        Carnegie Europe
        De Waal is a senior fellow with Carnegie Europe, specializing in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus region.
      • expert thumbnail - Dunne
        Michele Dunne
        Director and Senior Fellow
        Middle East Program
        Dunne is an expert on political and economic change in Arab countries, particularly Egypt, as well as U.S. policy in the Middle East.
      • expert thumbnail - Farouk
        Yasmine Farouk
        Visiting Fellow
        Middle East Program
        Yasmine Farouk is a visiting fellow in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
      • expert thumbnail - Feigenbaum
        Evan A. Feigenbaum
        Vice President for Studies
        Evan A. Feigenbaum is vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he oversees research in Washington, Beijing and New Delhi on a dynamic region encompassing both East Asia and South Asia.
      • expert thumbnail - Feldstein
        Steven Feldstein
        Senior Fellow
        Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
        Steven Feldstein is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where he focuses on issues of democracy, technology, human rights, U.S. foreign policy, conflict trends, and Africa.
      • expert thumbnail - Gaaze
        Konstantin Gaaze
        Konstantin Gaaze is a sociologist, and a journalist.
      • expert thumbnail - Gabuev
        Alexander Gabuev
        Senior Fellow and Chair
        Russia in the Asia-Pacific Program
        Carnegie Moscow Center
        Gabuev is a senior fellow and the chair of the Russia in the Asia-Pacific Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center.
      • expert thumbnail - Ghanem
        Dalia Ghanem
        Resident Scholar
        Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
        Dalia Ghanem is a resident scholar at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where her work examines political and extremist violence, radicalization, Islamism, and jihadism with an emphasis on Algeria.
      • expert thumbnail - Ghattas
        Kim Ghattas
        Nonresident Senior Fellow
        Kim Ghattas is a nonresident senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
      • expert thumbnail - Gokhale
        Vijay Gokhale
        Nonresident Senior Fellow
        Carnegie India
        Mr. Vijay Gokhale is a nonresident senior fellow at Carnegie India and the former foreign secretary of India.
      • expert thumbnail - Gottemoeller
        Rose Gottemoeller
        Nonresident Senior Fellow
        Nuclear Policy Program
        Rose Gottemoeller is a nonresident senior fellow in Carnegie’s Nuclear Policy Program. She also serves as the Frank E. and Arthur W. Payne Distinguished Lecturer at Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution.
      • expert thumbnail - Hamzawy
        Amr Hamzawy
        Nonresident Senior Fellow
        Middle East Program
        Amr Hamzawy studied political science and developmental studies in Cairo, The Hague, and Berlin.
      • expert thumbnail - Hasan
        Harith Hasan
        Nonresident Senior Fellow
        Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
        Harith Hasan is a nonresident senior fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, where his research focuses on Iraq, sectarianism, identity politics, religious actors, and state-society relations.
      • expert thumbnail - Hellyer
        H. A. Hellyer
        Nonresident Scholar
        Middle East Program
        Dr. H.A. Hellyer is a senior associate fellow and scholar at the Royal United Services Institute in London and a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. His research focuses on politics, international relations, security, and religion in the West and the Arab world.
      • expert thumbnail - Huang
        Yukon Huang
        Senior Fellow
        Asia Program
        Huang is a senior fellow in the Carnegie Asia Program, where his research focuses on China’s economy and its regional and global impact.
      • expert thumbnail - Jaffrey
        Sana Jaffrey
        Nonresident Scholar
        Asia Program
        Sana Jaffrey is a nonresident scholar in the Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Her research focuses on violent conflict and the challenges of state-building in developing democracies.
      • expert thumbnail - Kellner
        Peter Kellner
        Visiting Scholar
        Carnegie Europe
        Kellner is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe, where his research focuses on Brexit, populism, and electoral democracy.
      • expert thumbnail - Khaddour
        Kheder Khaddour
        Nonresident Scholar
        Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
        Kheder Khaddour is a nonresident scholar at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut. His research centers on civil military relations and local identities in the Levant, with a focus on Syria.
      • expert thumbnail - Kleinfeld
        Rachel Kleinfeld
        Senior Fellow
        Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
        Kleinfeld is a senior fellow in the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program. She was the founding CEO of the Truman National Security Project.
      • expert thumbnail - Kolesnikov
        Andrei Kolesnikov
        Senior Fellow and Chair
        Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions Program
        Carnegie Moscow Center
        Kolesnikov is a senior fellow and the chair of the Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center.
      • expert thumbnail - Kozhanov
        Nikolay Kozhanov
        Former nonresident scholar
        Foreign and Security Policy Program
        Moscow Center
        Kozhanov is a former nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Moscow Center and a contributing expert to the Moscow-based Institute of the Middle East.
      • expert thumbnail - Le Corre
        Philippe Le Corre
        Nonresident Senior Fellow
        Europe Program
        Asia Program
        Philippe Le Corre is a nonresident senior fellow in the Europe and Asia Programs at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
      • expert thumbnail - Lee
        Chung Min Lee
        Senior Fellow
        Asia Program
        Chung Min Lee is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Asia Program. He is an expert on Korean and Northeast Asian security, defense, intelligence, and crisis management.
      • expert thumbnail - Lehne
        Stefan Lehne
        Visiting Scholar
        Carnegie Europe
        Lehne is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, where his research focuses on the post–Lisbon Treaty development of the European Union’s foreign policy, with a specific focus on relations between the EU and member states.
      • expert thumbnail - Linfield
        David Linfield
        Visiting Scholar
        Middle East Program
        David Linfield is a visiting scholar in Carnegie’s Middle East Program, where he specializes in how socioeconomic inequality is reshaping political alliances and driving new pressure for change.
      • expert thumbnail - Mathews
        Jessica Tuchman Mathews
        Distinguished Fellow
        Mathews is a distinguished fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. She served as Carnegie’s president for 18 years.
      • expert thumbnail - Mbarek
        Nesrine Mbarek
        Gardner Fellow
        Middle East Program
        Nesrine Mbarek is a John Gardner Fellow for Public Service working at Carnegie’s Middle East Program.
      • expert thumbnail - McDonough
        Denis McDonough
        Nonresident Scholar
        Technology and International Affairs Program
        Denis McDonough is a nonresident scholar in Carnegie’s Technology and International Affairs Program.
      • expert thumbnail - Meddeb
        Hamza Meddeb
        Nonresident Scholar
        Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
        Hamza Meddeb is a nonresident scholar at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, where his research focuses on economic reform, political economy of conflicts, and border insecurity across the Middle East and North Africa.
      • expert thumbnail - Miller
        Andrew Miller
        Nonresident Scholar
        Middle East Program
        Andrew Miller is a nonresident scholar in Carnegie’s Middle East Program.
      • expert thumbnail - Movchan
        Andrey Movchan
        Nonresident Scholar
        Economic Policy Program
        Carnegie Moscow Center
        Movchan is a nonresident scholar in the Economic Policy Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center.
      • expert thumbnail - Muasher
        Marwan Muasher
        Vice President for Studies
        Muasher is vice president for studies at Carnegie, where he oversees research in Washington and Beirut on the Middle East.
      • expert thumbnail - Nagi
        Ahmed Nagi
        Nonresident Scholar
        Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
        Ahmed Nagi is a nonresident scholar at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where his research centers on Yemen.
      • expert thumbnail - Nerguizian
        Aram Nerguizian
        Senior Advisor
        Program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States
        Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
        Aram Nerguizian is senior advisor of the Program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, where his work focuses on the Lebanese security sector, long-term force transformation in the Levant, and efforts to develop national security institutions in post-conflict and divided societies.
      • expert thumbnail - O’Donohue
        Andrew O’Donohue
        Nonresident Research Assistant
        Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
        Andrew O’Donohue is a nonresident research assistant in the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where his research focuses on political polarization and challenges facing democratic governance.
      • expert thumbnail - Ohanyan
        Anna Ohanyan
        Nonresident Senior Scholar
        Russia and Eurasia Program
        Anna Ohanyan is a nonresident senior scholar in the Russia and Eurasia Program.
      • expert thumbnail - Paal
        Douglas H. Paal
        Nonresident Scholar
        Asia Program
        Paal previously served as vice chairman of JPMorgan Chase International and as unofficial U.S. representative to Taiwan as director of the American Institute in Taiwan.
      • expert thumbnail - Pierini
        Marc Pierini
        Visiting Scholar
        Carnegie Europe
        Pierini is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe, where his research focuses on developments in the Middle East and Turkey from a European perspective.
      • expert thumbnail - Quarcoo
        Ashley Quarcoo
        Senior Fellow
        Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
        Ashley Quarcoo is an international development practitioner and senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
      • expert thumbnail - Ryu
        Rexon Y. Ryu
        Nonresident Senior Fellow
        Ryu is a nonresident senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he leads an initiative focused on the intersection of diplomacy, technology, and innovation.
      • expert thumbnail - Sadjadpour
        Karim Sadjadpour
        Senior Fellow
        Middle East Program
        Karim Sadjadpour is a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he focuses on Iran and U.S. foreign policy toward the Middle East.
      • expert thumbnail - Samorukov
        Maxim Samorukov
        Fellow
        Deputy Editor of Carnegie.ru
        Carnegie Moscow Center
        Samorukov is a fellow at the Carnegie Moscow Center and deputy editor of Carnegie.ru.
      • expert thumbnail - Sayigh
        Yezid Sayigh
        Senior Fellow
        Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
        Yezid Sayigh is a senior fellow at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, where he leads the program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States (CMRAS). His work focuses on the comparative political and economic roles of Arab armed forces and nonstate actors, the impact of war on states and societies, and the politics of postconflict reconstruction and security sector transformation in Arab transitions, and authoritarian resurgence.
      • Viktoria Shapovalova
        Executive Assistant to the Director
        Program Coordinator
        Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions
      • expert thumbnail - Slater
        Dan Slater
        Nonresident Scholar
        Asia Program
        Dan Slater is a nonresident scholar in the Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He specializes in the politics and history of enduring dictatorships and emerging democracies, with a regional focus on Southeast Asia.
      • expert thumbnail - Stanovaya
        Tatiana Stanovaya
        Nonresident Scholar
        Carnegie Moscow Center
        Tatiana Stanovaya is a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Moscow Center.
      • expert thumbnail - Stronski
        Paul Stronski
        Senior Fellow
        Russia and Eurasia Program
        Paul Stronski is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Russia and Eurasia Program, where his research focuses on the relationship between Russia and neighboring countries in Central Asia and the South Caucasus.
      • expert thumbnail - Toronto
        Nathan Toronto
        Commissioning Editor
        Program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States
        Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
        Nathan Toronto is the commissioning editor for the Program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center. His research and practitioner work focus on civil-military relations, battlefield effectiveness, military recruitment and education, and Middle East security, especially in the Gulf region.
      • expert thumbnail - Trenin
        Dmitri Trenin
        Director
        Carnegie Moscow Center
        Trenin, director of the Carnegie Moscow Center, has been with the center since its inception. He also chairs the research council and the Foreign and Security Policy Program.
      • expert thumbnail - Ülgen
        Sinan Ülgen
        Visiting Scholar
        Carnegie Europe
        Ülgen is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, where his research focuses on Turkish foreign policy, nuclear policy, cyberpolicy, and transatlantic relations.
      • expert thumbnail - Walles
        Jake Walles
        Nonresident Senior Fellow
        Middle East Program
        Jake Walles is a nonresident senior fellow in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he focuses on Israeli-Palestinian issues, Tunisia, and counterterrorism.
      • expert thumbnail - Wehrey
        Frederic Wehrey
        Senior Fellow
        Middle East Program
        Frederic Wehrey is a senior fellow in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. His research deals with armed conflict, security sectors, and identity politics, with a focus on Libya, North Africa, and the Gulf.
      • expert thumbnail - Yahya
        Maha Yahya
        Director
        Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
        Yahya is director of the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, where her research focuses on citizenship, pluralism, and social justice in the aftermath of the Arab uprisings.
      • expert thumbnail - Yerkes
        Sarah Yerkes
        Senior Fellow
        Middle East Program
        Sarah Yerkes is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Middle East Program, where her research focuses on Tunisia’s political, economic, and security developments as well as state-society relations in the Middle East and North Africa.
      • expert thumbnail - Youngs
        Richard Youngs
        Senior Fellow
        Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
        Richard Youngs is a senior fellow in the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, based at Carnegie Europe. He works on EU foreign policy and on issues of international democracy.

      Sign up for
      Carnegie Email

      Personal Information
      Please note...

      You are leaving the website for the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy and entering a website for another of Carnegie's global centers.

      请注意...

      你将离开清华—卡内基中心网站,进入卡内基其他全球中心的网站。