• Research
  • Emissary
  • About
  • Experts
Carnegie Global logoCarnegie lettermark logo
DemocracyIran
  • Donate
{
  "authors": [
    "Yusuf Ahmad",
    "Alyssa Dougherty",
    "Rachel Kleinfeld",
    "Alejandro Ponce"
  ],
  "type": "other",
  "centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
  "centers": [
    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
  ],
  "collections": [],
  "englishNewsletterAll": "democracy",
  "nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
  "primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
  "programAffiliation": "DCG",
  "programs": [
    "Democracy, Conflict, and Governance"
  ],
  "projects": [],
  "regions": [],
  "topics": [
    "Democracy"
  ]
}

Source: Getty

Other

Reducing Violence and Improving the Rule of Law: Organized Crime, Marginalized Communities, and the Political Machine

This literature review seeks to highlight specific policy interventions against risk factors that predispose comm- unities towards gangs, organized crime, and electoral violence; and interventions that attack each of those types of violence directly.

Link Copied
By Yusuf Ahmad, Alyssa Dougherty, Rachel Kleinfeld, Alejandro Ponce
Published on Sep 24, 2014
Program mobile hero image

Program

Democracy, Conflict, and Governance

The Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program is a leading source of independent policy research, writing, and outreach on global democracy, conflict, and governance. It analyzes and seeks to improve international efforts to reduce democratic backsliding, mitigate conflict and violence, overcome political polarization, promote gender equality, and advance pro-democratic uses of new technologies.

Learn More

Source: World Justice Project and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

This literature review seeks to highlight specific policy interventions against risk factors that predispose communities towards gangs, organized crime, and electoral violence; and interventions that attack each of those types of violence directly. This is by no means a comprehensive report, given the extensive scholarship that has been dedicated to these three issues. It is, however, a starting point from which we can begin to explore the success or failure of policy interventions, and the contexts in which they have been found to work or fail. We hope to add to this review before and following the workshop, with the help of workshop participants.

Read Full Text

About the Authors

Yusuf Ahmad

Former Junior Fellow, Democracy Program

Alyssa Dougherty

Rachel Kleinfeld

Senior Fellow, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program

Rachel Kleinfeld is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where she focuses on issues of rule of law, security, and governance in democracies experiencing polarization, violence, and other governance problems.

Alejandro Ponce

Alejandro Ponce is the Chief Research Officer of the World Justice Project. He joined the WJP as Senior Economist and is one of the original designers and a lead author of the WJP Rule of Law Index. He previously worked as a researcher at Yale University and an economist at the World Bank.

Authors

Yusuf Ahmad
Former Junior Fellow, Democracy Program
Alyssa Dougherty
Rachel Kleinfeld
Senior Fellow, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
Rachel Kleinfeld
Alejandro Ponce

Alejandro Ponce is the Chief Research Officer of the World Justice Project. He joined the WJP as Senior Economist and is one of the original designers and a lead author of the WJP Rule of Law Index. He previously worked as a researcher at Yale University and an economist at the World Bank.

Democracy

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

  • Commentary
    Indonesia’s Marriage of Convenience Ends with Vice Presidential Resignation

    A once-unlikely partnership between President Prabowo and former president Joko Widodo has ended, with important consequences for Southeast Asia’s largest democracy.

      Sana Jaffrey

  • Article
    Promises Made, Promises Unmet: The NPP’s Struggle to Reform Sri Lanka

    Does the NPP have the will or vision to create a new social contract for Sri Lanka?

      Bhavani Fonseka

  • Serbia election student list vucic
    Article
    Serbia Still Has a Steep Hill to Climb

    After two years of mass protests, Serbia’s student-led movement has ousted Aleksandar Vučić. Now the Student List must prove it can deliver on its promises.

      Dimitar Bechev

  • Capitol building from below
    Commentary
    Emissary
    What the New Democratic Congress Can (and Can’t) Do on Foreign Policy

    Democrats now have the gavel and the purse, but the executive branch still pulls the levers on the U.S. role in the world.

      • +10

      James M. Acton, Dan Baer, Mark Baldassare, …

  • Commentary
    Strategic Europe
    Is Russia Winning the Perception War in Germany?

    In Germany, competing perceptions of Russia are highlighting a tension between public opinion and government policy. In the country’s east, where division is widespread, populist parties are taking advantage.

      • Gwendolyn Sasse

      Gwendolyn Sasse

Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie This Week
Carnegie global logo, stacked
1779 Massachusetts Avenue NWWashington, DC, 20036-2103Phone: 202 483 7600
  • Research
  • Emissary
  • About
  • Experts
  • Donate
  • Programs
  • Events
  • Blogs
  • Podcasts
  • Contact
  • Annual Reports
  • Careers
  • Privacy
  • For Media
  • Government Resources
Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie This Week
© 2026 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.