Across the Middle East and North Africa, climate stress interacts with economic fragility, governance failures, social marginalization, and conflict.
Camille Ammoun
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The failure of recent environmental legislature reflects America's "vetocracy" problem.
Former Nonresident Scholar, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
Francis Fukuyama was a nonresident scholar in Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where his research focuses on democratization and international political economy.
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
Across the Middle East and North Africa, climate stress interacts with economic fragility, governance failures, social marginalization, and conflict.
Camille Ammoun
Understanding how farmers in the Oued Sahel-Soummam Valley grapple with climate change is essential for addressing the paradoxes through which adaptation, operating at both individual and institutional levels, deepens the region’s vulnerability and erodes the social fabric and agrarian identity that once defined life.
Ilyssa Yahmi
The community already suffers social discrimination, so addressing inequalities requires sustained interventions.
Musaed Aklan , Mohammad Al-Saidi
Lebanon’s largest water reservoir is a house of many mansions when it comes to converging failures.
Camille Ammoun
Afro-Iraqis experience political, economic, and social marginalization and discrimination, which exposes the poorest members of the community to the harsh realities of the region’s climate disaster.
Zeinab Shuker