Once Israel’s war in the territory is brought to an end, the foundational principles guiding reconstruction should be Palestinian self-determination, local agency, and sovereignty.

Rabat and Algiers are increasingly leveraging whatever advantages they enjoy—whether in terms of energy and trade with their neighbors or the ability to stem the flow of undocumented migrants to Europe—to further their domestic and regional ambitions.

Damascus is increasingly adopting a system of rule that combines centralized and localized forms of administration and security maintenance, an approach that seems suited to the needs of a country fractured by civil war.