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China’s Nuclear Arsenal Is Growing Faster Than Ever

China has unveiled its full nuclear triad for the first time—land, sea, and air-based systems. With its arsenal rapidly expanding, what does this mean for global security and the future of arms control?

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By Tong Zhao
Published on September 9, 2025

China has unveiled its full nuclear triad for the first time—land, sea, and air-based systems. With its arsenal rapidly expanding, what does this mean for global security and the future of arms control? Tong Zhao explains.

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

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