• Research
  • Diwan
  • About
  • Experts
Carnegie Middle East logoCarnegie lettermark logo
LebanonIran
{
  "authors": [
    "Ghida Tayara"
  ],
  "type": "commentary",
  "blog": "Diwan",
  "centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
  "centers": [
    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
    "Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center"
  ],
  "collections": [
    "Three Question Time"
  ],
  "englishNewsletterAll": "menaTransitions",
  "nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
  "primaryCenter": "Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center",
  "programAffiliation": "MEP",
  "programs": [
    "Middle East"
  ],
  "projects": [],
  "regions": [
    "Levant",
    "Syria",
    "Middle East"
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Political Reform"
  ]
}
Diwan English logo against white

Source: Getty

Commentary
Diwan

A Decade of Devastation

In an interview, Kheder Khaddour looks back at the wreckage of Syria on the anniversary of the start of its conflict.

Link Copied
By Ghida Tayara
Published on Mar 5, 2021
Diwan

Blog

Diwan

Diwan, a blog from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s Middle East Program and the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, draws on Carnegie scholars to provide insight into and analysis of the region. 

Learn More

On the tenth anniversary of the start of the Syrian uprising, Kheder Khaddour looks back at the terrible conflict there and examines what it has meant for the country and its future. Khaddour is a nonresident scholar at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, where he has focused on Syria, in particular civil-military relations, as well as local identities in the Levant. Among the notable papers that Khaddour has written is one that he coauthored with Carnegie’s Harith Hasan, titled “The Transformation of the Iraqi-Syrian Border: From a National to a Regional Frontier,” as well as, among others, “Back to What Future: What Remains for Syria’s Displaced People?” and “Local Wars and the Chance for Decentralized Peace in Syria.” Diwan interviewed Khaddour in late February.

About the Author

Ghida Tayara

Senior Digital and Web Coordinator

Ghida Tayara
Senior Digital and Web Coordinator
Political ReformLevantSyriaMiddle East

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Diwan

  • Commentary
    Diwan
    An Extension Under Fire

    The decision of Lebanon’s parliament may look exceptional, but in reality it is not.

      Issam Kayssi

  • Commentary
    Diwan
    Firepower Against Willpower

    In an interview, Naysan Rafati assesses the first week that followed the U.S. and Israeli attack on Iran.

      Michael Young

  • Commentary
    Diwan
    What Is Israel’s Plan in Lebanon?

    At heart, to impose unconditional surrender on Hezbollah and uproot the party among its coreligionists.

      Yezid Sayigh

  • Commentary
    Diwan
    Axis of Resistance or Suicide?

    As Iran defends its interests in the region and its regime’s survival, it may push Hezbollah into the abyss.

      Michael Young

  • Commentary
    Diwan
    Kurdish Nationalism Rears its Head in Syria

    A recent offensive by Damascus and the Kurds’ abandonment by Arab allies have left a sense of betrayal.

      Wladimir van Wilgenburg

Get more news and analysis from
Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
Carnegie Middle East logo, white
  • Research
  • Diwan
  • About
  • Experts
  • Projects
  • Events
  • Contact
  • Careers
  • Privacy
  • For Media
Get more news and analysis from
Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
© 2026 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.