• Research
  • Politika
  • About
Carnegie Russia Eurasia center logoCarnegie lettermark logo
  • Donate
{
  "authors": [
    "Rachel Kleinfeld"
  ],
  "type": "other",
  "centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
  "centers": [
    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
  ],
  "collections": [
    "Anti-Corruption"
  ],
  "englishNewsletterAll": "democracy",
  "nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
  "primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
  "programAffiliation": "DCG",
  "programs": [
    "Democracy, Conflict, and Governance"
  ],
  "projects": [],
  "regions": [],
  "topics": [
    "Political Reform",
    "Democracy"
  ]
}

Source: Getty

Other

Back from the Brink: How Some of the World’s Most Violent, Corrupt, and Crime-Infested Countries Have Bounced Back

The world today seems engulfed in violence, from terror in the Middle East to near-daily mass shootings in America. In reality, most countries today are far safer than in the past.

Link Copied
By Rachel Kleinfeld
Published on Feb 23, 2016

Source: Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University

The world today seems engulfed in violence, from ISIS-inspired terror in the Middle East, to near-daily mass shootings in America. In reality, most countries today are far safer than in the past. But some places are stuck in cycles of extreme, compounded violence, where terrorists, gangs, organized crime, regular crime, and state brutality create a pall of fear over daily life.

What makes some countries so violent? How have some countries managed to move from extremes of bloodshed to freedom from fear?  What can the findings tell us about countries caught in the throes of violence today?

Over the past three years, 2015-16 CASBS fellow Rachel Kleinfeld conducted field research on every settled continent to answer those questions. In her CASBS symposium lecture, she discussed the themes and findings of her forthcoming book.  

"As I traveled from the former Soviet Union to Colombia, West Africa to Sicily, patterns started to emerge in how countries got better," said Kleinfeld. "Bringing down violence turned out to be a spiral: Countries got better in some ways, but those very successes caused new problems. The path was not what I expected - and certainly not what I wanted to find. But it kept repeating. Clearly, there was a way out of violence, but it was hard and morally murky."

Kleinfeld’s findings provide a path for policymakers and people wishing to make change in their own countries that has worked in the past, and, she believes, could work again.

This presentation was originally broadcast by the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University.

About the Author

Rachel Kleinfeld

Senior Fellow, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program

Rachel Kleinfeld is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where she focuses on issues of rule of law, security, and governance in democracies experiencing polarization, violence, and other governance problems.

    Recent Work

  • Paper
    How to Engage with New Media: A Strategic Guide for Nonprofit Organizations

      Renée DiResta, Rachel Kleinfeld, Margot Treadwell

  • Other
    Political Violence in the U.S.

      Political Violence Researchers, Rachel Kleinfeld, ed., Dalya Berkowitz, ed.

Rachel Kleinfeld
Senior Fellow, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
Rachel Kleinfeld
Political ReformDemocracy

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    Ten Years After Karimov’s Death, How Much Has Uzbekistan Really Changed?

    In the tenth year of his presidency, President Mirziyoyev’s system is becoming even more personalized than that of his predecessor Karimov.

      Galiya Ibragimova

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    As a Former Defense Minister Revolts in Ukraine, Is Zelensky’s System Fracturing?

    The greater threat to Zelensky comes not from Fedorov alone, but from the convergence between the former defense minister’s political campaign and the anti-corruption investigations moving ever closer to the presidential administration.

      Balázs Jarábik

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    Fedorov’s Challenge to Zelensky Could Upend Ukrainian Politics

    With his public call for new elections in Ukraine, ex-defense minister Mykhailo Fedorov has opened Pandora’s box.

      Konstantin Skorkin

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    Russia’s Rubber-Stamp Duma Elections Are Exposing Schisms in Putin's Regime

    In the discussions made possible by the State Duma election campaign, one question is being asked more and more loudly. “What next?”

      Andrey Pertsev

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    Russia Is Approaching a Political Crossroads

    Two divergent trends—Putin’s hardline vision of how to prosecute the war in Ukraine, and a growing desire for change in Russia—could tear the regime apart. 

      Tatiana Stanovaya

Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center
Carnegie Russia Eurasia logo, white
  • Research
  • Politika
  • About
  • Experts
  • Events
  • Contact
  • Privacy
  • For Media
Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center
© 2026 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.