What should happen when sanctions designed to weaken the Belarusian regime end up enriching and strengthening the Kremlin?
Denis Kishinevsky
Weakened public institutions, military reform, and public opinion in the face of rapid change have opened the door for corruption, inequitable distribution of burdens, and political instability in South America. Countries in the region are facing painful and sometimes dangerous reform.
Source: Washington

“This book is a timely and relevant contribution for rethinking both the content and the process of future reform attempts.”
—Miriam Kornblith, Universidad Central de Venezuela
“The story is well-told and the lessons valuable for those interested in under-standing, as well as making, economic policy."
—Robert Grosse, University of Miami
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
What should happen when sanctions designed to weaken the Belarusian regime end up enriching and strengthening the Kremlin?
Denis Kishinevsky
Geological complexity and years of mismanagement mean the Venezuelan oil industry is not the big prize officials in Moscow and Washington appear to believe.
Sergey Vakulenko
Inflicting damage on oil infrastructure in Russia that is used by Kazakhstan and a whole series of Western oil majors risks backfiring on Kyiv.
Sergey Vakulenko
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Yulia Starostina
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Temur Umarov