In this episode of Interpreting India, Nidhi Singh is joined by Nikhil Narendran, Partner at Trilegal, for a conversation on two of the most pressing issues shaping India's digital future: data protection and AI governance. From the nuts and bolts of India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act to deeper questions about regulating artificial intelligence, Nikhil brings the perspective of a technology lawyer who is not just advising on these issues but actively living them.
In this episode of Interpreting India, Nidhi Singh is joined by Nikhil Narendran, Partner at Trilegal, for a conversation on two of the most pressing issues shaping India's digital future: data protection and AI governance. From the nuts and bolts of India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act to deeper questions about regulating artificial intelligence, Nikhil brings the perspective of a technology lawyer who is not just advising on these issues but actively living them.
Is the DPDP Act really as consent-heavy as it's made out to be, and does India's regulatory design have the teeth to handle a Cambridge Analytica-scale misuse of personal data? Does India need a standalone AI law, or can existing frameworks handle the harms AI poses? How is AI reshaping the practice of law from within, and what does it mean that lawyers at Trilegal are now "vibe coding"? What is artificial intimacy, why is it a regulatory blind spot, and why should we start paying attention now?
The conversation begins with a close look at India’s data protection regime, particularly the DPDP Act and its emphasis on consent. Nikhil challenges the perception that the law is overly consent-driven, pointing to a range of exemptions and alternative legal bases for processing data. At the same time, he highlights gaps in enforcement and deterrence, arguing that the current framework may struggle to address large-scale misuse of data or systemic harms.
On AI governance, Nikhil makes a case that India does not need a sweeping, EU-style AI law, at least not yet. Given India's legislative pace, enforcement gaps, and how fast AI is evolving, he thinks strengthening existing laws and making targeted amendments is a far more practical path. He does, however, flag artificial intimacy as something that deserves serious attention soon. AI-powered companionship is supercharging the loneliness economy, building emotional dependency at scale, and raising risks that no existing framework is really built to handle.
Closer to home, Nikhil offers a window into how AI is changing legal practice at Trilegal, where 75% of lawyers now use AI in their daily workflows. The firm is simultaneously building AI products, using them internally, and advising clients on AI risk, a position Nikhil sees as an advantage rather than a conflict. For him, the era of lawyers who write code and speak directly with engineers is not something to fear but a long overdue shift in what it means to practice technology law.
Carnegie India does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
In this episode of Interpreting India, Tejas Bharadwaj, speaks with Vipin Narang, Frank Stanton Professor of Nuclear Security and Political Science and director of the Center for Nuclear Security Policy at MIT, on the security implications of placing a nuclear weapon in orbit, why verification is so hard, and what space security means for India and the U.S.
Tejas Bharadwaj, Vipin Narang
In this episode of Interpreting India, Dinakar Peri speaks with Vince Cable, former member of Parliament and leader of the Liberal Democrats, and author of Eclipsing the West: China, India and the Forging of a New World, on where the global order is headed, what India’s rise means for the rest of the world, and what trusted partnerships look like in an era of technological competition.
Dinakar Peri, Vince Cable
In this episode of Interpreting India, Charukeshi Bhatt speaks with Jane Munga, fellow with the Africa Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, on the subsea cable landscape in Africa. With the continent now home to around 77 submarine cables and one of the fastest growing AI infrastructure markets in the world, the conversation moves beyond the headline investment numbers to ask harder questions: who benefits, who governs, and what does resilience actually look like when the cables go down?
Charukeshi Bhatt, Jane Munga
In this episode of Interpreting India, Shruti Mittal, research analyst at Carnegie India, speaks with Professor Mohan Yellishetty of Monash University on the India-Australia critical minerals partnership, what it has delivered so far, and where the two countries can build the most meaningful cooperation over the next decade.
Shruti Mittal, Mohan Yellishetty
In this episode of Interpreting India, Konark Bhandari, speaks with Edward Fishman, author of Chokepoints: American Power in the Age of Economic Warfare, on economic statecraft, how the U.S. built its playbook for economic warfare over time, and what the lessons are for India as it looks to build its own economic resilience.
Konark Bhandari, Edward Fishman
