This article examines the scale and impact of Chinese IUU fishing operations globally and identifies the nature of the challenge posed by IUU fishing in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). It also investigates why existing maritime law and international frameworks have struggled to address this growing threat.

The Technology and Security Initiative (TSI) ought to be more strategic, especially at a time of geopolitical displacement. This is an opportunity to fuse two deep technology ecosystems to co-produce and co-innovate solutions, products, and emerging technologies of the future.

This compendium brings together three essays by scholars who participated in Carnegie India's Security Studies Dialogue in 2024, each examining a different aspect of China’s policies. Drawing on their expertise and research, the authors offer fresh perspectives on key geopolitical challenges.