• Research
  • Diwan
  • About
  • Experts
Carnegie Middle East logoCarnegie lettermark logo
LebanonIran
{
  "authors": [
    "Ghida Tayara"
  ],
  "type": "commentary",
  "blog": "Diwan",
  "centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
  "centers": [
    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
    "Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center"
  ],
  "collections": [
    "Three Question Time"
  ],
  "englishNewsletterAll": "menaTransitions",
  "nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
  "primaryCenter": "Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center",
  "programAffiliation": "MEP",
  "programs": [
    "Middle East"
  ],
  "projects": [],
  "regions": [
    "Levant",
    "Syria",
    "Middle East"
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Political Reform"
  ]
}
Diwan English logo against white

Source: Getty

Commentary
Diwan

A Decade of Devastation

In an interview, Kheder Khaddour looks back at the wreckage of Syria on the anniversary of the start of its conflict.

Link Copied
By Ghida Tayara
Published on Mar 5, 2021
Diwan

Blog

Diwan

Diwan, a blog from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s Middle East Program and the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, draws on Carnegie scholars to provide insight into and analysis of the region. 

Learn More

On the tenth anniversary of the start of the Syrian uprising, Kheder Khaddour looks back at the terrible conflict there and examines what it has meant for the country and its future. Khaddour is a nonresident scholar at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, where he has focused on Syria, in particular civil-military relations, as well as local identities in the Levant. Among the notable papers that Khaddour has written is one that he coauthored with Carnegie’s Harith Hasan, titled “The Transformation of the Iraqi-Syrian Border: From a National to a Regional Frontier,” as well as, among others, “Back to What Future: What Remains for Syria’s Displaced People?” and “Local Wars and the Chance for Decentralized Peace in Syria.” Diwan interviewed Khaddour in late February.

About the Author

Ghida Tayara

Senior Digital and Web Coordinator

Ghida Tayara
Senior Digital and Web Coordinator
Political ReformLevantSyriaMiddle East

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Diwan

  • Commentary
    Diwan
    Hezbollah’s Wartime Strategy

    The party’s objectives involve tying together the Lebanese and Iranian fronts, while surviving militarily and politically at home. 

      Mohamad Fawaz

  • Commentary
    Diwan
    A Mission for Lebanon’s Army

    While armed forces commander Rudolph Haykal’s caution is understandable, he is in a position to act, and must.

      Michael Young

  • Commentary
    Diwan
    Trump’s Plan for Gaza Is Not Irrelevant. It’s Worse.

    The simple conclusion is that the scheme will bring neither peace nor prosperity, but will institutionalize devastation.

      Nathan J. Brown

  • Commentary
    Diwan
    Israel Strikes Hezbollah’s Muslim Brotherhood-Affiliated Allies

    The Jamaa al-Islamiyya is the local Lebanese dimension of a broader struggle involving rival regional powers.

      Issam Kayssi

  • Commentary
    Diwan
    Syria Skirts the Conflict With Iran

    In an interview, Kheder Khaddour  explains that Damascus is trying to stabilize its borders, but avoiding war isn’t guaranteed. 

      Michael Young

Get more news and analysis from
Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
Carnegie Middle East logo, white
  • Research
  • Diwan
  • About
  • Experts
  • Projects
  • Events
  • Contact
  • Careers
  • Privacy
  • For Media
Get more news and analysis from
Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
© 2026 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.