The armed forces champion a form of capitalism that is generating revenue, but its reliance on rent faces diminishing returns, leaving the country with massive sunk costs and deferred returns, deepening dependency on external borrowing.
Yezid Sayigh
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}REQUIRED IMAGE
Under the presidency of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, civil-military relations remain imbalanced: but paradoxically, the overwhelming role of the military, also as economic player, combines with the subtle narrowing of the military as cohesive entity.
Nathan Toronto
Former Commissioning Editor, Program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center
Nathan Toronto was the commissioning editor for the Program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States at the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center. His research and practitioner work focus on civil-military relations, battlefield effectiveness, military recruitment and education, and Middle East security, especially in the Gulf region.
Eleonora Ardemagni
Giuseppe Dentice
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
The armed forces champion a form of capitalism that is generating revenue, but its reliance on rent faces diminishing returns, leaving the country with massive sunk costs and deferred returns, deepening dependency on external borrowing.
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