Some of Russia’s war tactics in Ukraine mirror the strategies Moscow has employed in Syria. The international community should apply the lessons learned then to limit devastation and casualties now.
Emma Beals
Written by three of the West's leading experts on the former Soviet Union, this book offers a comprehensive assessment of how and why the Commonwealth of Independent States has failed.
Source: Washington

In the void left by the collapse of the USSR, the CIS was to become a superstructure that would coordinate the foreign and security policies of the member states, develop a common economic space, and provide for an orderly transition from the Soviet Union to the post-Soviet phase. In reality, the CIS has failed. For Russia, the CIS has not served as a vehicle for exerting control over its neighbors. As an organization, the CIS has not succeeded at reintegrating the post-Soviet states. The desire of the new nations to assert themselves as independent entities has proven more powerful than their urge to replace the Soviet Union with a new system of collective government.
Written by three of the West's leading experts on the former Soviet Union, this book offers a comprehensive assessment of how and why the CIS has failed.
“The authors of this comprehensive study are all well-respected specialists in the field, and they present a broad-ranging picture of the experiences and problems that have arisen in the former Soviet space.”
—Ronald J. Hill, Department of Political Science, Trinity College, Dublin
“A unique and useful book.”
—Robert Legvold, Foreign Affairs
Former Senior Associate, Director, Russian and Eurasian Program
Former Senior Associate, Russia and Eurasia Program and, Co-director, al-Farabi Carnegie Program on Central Asia
Olcott is professor emerita at Colgate University, having taught political science there from 1974 to 2002. Prior to her work at the endowment, Olcott served as a special consultant to former secretary of state Lawrence Eagleburger.
Sherman W. Garnett
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
Some of Russia’s war tactics in Ukraine mirror the strategies Moscow has employed in Syria. The international community should apply the lessons learned then to limit devastation and casualties now.
Emma Beals
Very different Western reactions to the suffering in Ukraine and the Arab world show that there is a profound rift among cultures.
Michael Young
In an interview, Nikolay Kozhanov explains how the Ukraine conflict will affect Middle Eastern hydrocarbons production.
Michael Young
It’s about managing oil prices, bread prices, and strategic partnerships.
Amr Hamzawy, Karim Sadjadpour, Aaron David Miller, …
Both events also could force Washington to rethink or revive its Middle East partnerships.
Karim Sadjadpour