Source: Al-Jazeera

Five days after President Hosni Mubarak’s resignation, the fight for meaningful change in Egypt is far from over. On Al-Jazeera’s Inside Story, Carnegie’s Amr Hamzawy examined the achievements of the Egyptian revolution and the many challenges that lie ahead.

Hamzawy stated that a “genuine revolution” has taken place in Egypt. However, Mubarak’s resignation is only the first step towards success and it remains to be seen whether structural change and real democracy will actually be implemented. The institutionalized national dialogue needed to promote real change is limited by deep-rooted authoritarianism and the strong power of the military establishment, Hamzawy said.

Transitional periods are always “messy and complicated”, Hamzawy added. As one example, he cited the contradiction between the popular desire to write a new Constitution and the ruling military council’s six months deadline to transfer power to a democratically elected civilian government. Hamzawy suggested that the transitional period should therefore be progressive: first, the 1971 Constitution should be amended and then, after real democratic elections, the legitimate Parliament could write a new Constitution.

There are several crucial questions that need to be raised and answered throughout the transitional period, Hamzawy said. For example, what will become of the Constitution and the current cabinet, composed of corrupted and unpopular figures? How will the military rulers ensure a genuine participatory transition, including civil society organizations and trade unions?

Considering all these challenges ahead, Hamzawy expressed concern over the absence of a clear trajectory to ensure that the military will leave power after establishing the foundations of a democratic system. Indeed, he warned that military rule is fundamentally anti-democratic; no country has ever succeeded in implementing democracy through military rule.