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Carnegie India

Ethical Approaches to Closed Messaging Research: Considerations in Democratic Contexts

“Closed” messaging apps such as WhatsApp, Signal and Telegram have grown in reach and adoption in recent years and have transformed elections-related communications. However, understanding their impact upon larger public discussion poses a conundrum for researchers.

by Tarunima Prabhakar, Connie Moon Sehat, and Aleksei Kaminski
published by
Carter Center
 on March 15, 2021

Carter Center

Technology
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