Commentary
Tokyo would have to surmount a lot of obstacles—not least Western sanctions—if it wanted to return Russian oil imports to even modest pre-2022 volumes.
Vladislav Pashchenko
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REQUIRED IMAGE
Other
Global Challenges: Beating the Odds
By P.J. Simmons
Published on Jul 25, 2002
Source: Carnegie
The rising number of global problems includes many grave challenges. The recent record of international response, however, offers guides to "dos and don'ts" that can help muster effective action. Although few such lessons are widely known, a study of the record across fields yields rich insights. Essential for effective action are systems that constructively engage the multiplying number of state and nonstate players, that verify adherence to commitments, and that measure how well agreements—not just parties to them—are performing. Adequate funding for such activities-generally not forthcoming-is mandatory, as is support for poor nations that lack the capacity to participate. American leadership has been critical to progress. Recently, it has come into question. Even if the United States disagrees with certain multilateral approaches, however, it should pursue alternative remedies.
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About the Author
P. J. Simmons is associate at the Carnegie Endowment, where he launched the Managing Global Issues Project in 1997. Previously he founded the Environmental Change and Security Project at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He is the coeditor of Managing Global Issues: Lessons Learned (Carnegie Endowment 2001). In September Simmons will direct a public education project on global issues at the Heinz Center.
About the Author
P.J. Simmons
Former Associate
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
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