Tim Maurer, Arthur Nelson
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Cyber Proxies and Their Implications for Liberal Democracies
More than 30 countries are pursuing offensive cyber capabilities. These states rely on hackers that are not part of the intelligence community–cyber mercenaries or, more broadly, cyber proxies.
Source: Washington Quarterly
Non-liberal democracies are delegating, orchestrating, or passively supporting cyber proxies to conduct offensive cyber actions, affecting international peace and security. Developing a more robust and comprehensive strategy, particularly in international law enforcement among other approaches, is needed to more effectively address cyber proxies in the long term.
About the Author
Former Senior Fellow, Technology and International Affairs Program
Dr. Tim Maurer was a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Technology and International Affairs program.
- International Strategy to Better Protect the Financial System Against Cyber ThreatsReport
- How Cloud Computing Can Deal With Lightning Strikes and HackersQ&A
Tim Maurer, Garrett Hinck
Recent Work
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
More Work from Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center
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Russia’s coveted Red Sea naval base has fallen victim to its erratic foreign policy.
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Mikhail Zvinchuk’s detention could have dealt a serious blow to Russia’s propaganda infrastructure in the Balkans. Instead, the incident has made something else eminently clear: Moscow values and protects its propagandists, while Europe still hasn’t figured out what to do with them.
Ivan Filippov, Ksenia Luchenko
- Could Nuclear Warheads Really Be Deployed to the Baltic States?Commentary
Latvia and Lithuania have been considering whether they could temporarily host NATO nuclear weapons in the event of war or a similar crisis.
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Japan’s long-term security policy is driven by concerns about China, and there is little appetite for (or interest in) pursuing a confrontation with Moscow.
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