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{
  "authors": [
    "Sophia Besch"
  ],
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  "centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
  "centers": [
    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
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REQUIRED IMAGE

REQUIRED IMAGE

In The Media

To Really Modernize Its Armed Forces, Germany Needs a Long-Term Increase of the Regular Defense Budget

The Sondervermögen was a necessary step on Germany’s long road toward becoming a European defense leader. Now, EU countries have a rare window of opportunity to integrate procurement and create a genuinely European defense base.

Link Copied
By Sophia Besch
Published on Jan 18, 2023

49Security

About the Author

Sophia Besch

Former Senior Fellow, Europe Program

Sophia Besch was a senior fellow in the Europe Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Her research focuses on European foreign and defense policy.

    Recent Work

  • Commentary
    Carnegie’s Summer Beach Reads
      • Steve Feldstein
      • +8

      Sophia Besch, Eric Ciaramella, Steve Feldstein, …

  • Paper
    Will American Power in Europe Run Out?

      Sophia Besch, Tara Varma

Sophia Besch
Former Senior Fellow, Europe Program
Sophia Besch
SecurityForeign PolicyWestern EuropeGermanyIran

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

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