- +8
Sophia Besch, Eric Ciaramella, Steve Feldstein, …
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}REQUIRED IMAGE
To Really Modernize Its Armed Forces, Germany Needs a Long-Term Increase of the Regular Defense Budget
The Sondervermögen was a necessary step on Germany’s long road toward becoming a European defense leader. Now, EU countries have a rare window of opportunity to integrate procurement and create a genuinely European defense base.
About the Author
Former Senior Fellow, Europe Program
Sophia Besch was a senior fellow in the Europe Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Her research focuses on European foreign and defense policy.
- Carnegie’s Summer Beach ReadsCommentary
- Will American Power in Europe Run Out?Paper
Sophia Besch, Tara Varma
Recent Work
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
More Work from Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center
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Andrey Melnichenko’s essay offers no answer to the fundamental question of how, under any kind of negotiated settlement, Europe can protect itself from the Russian ressentiment that is inevitable in all scenarios except for an outright victory for Putin.
Leonid Bershidsky
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Despite unhappiness on the ground, Moscow is determined to use both carrot and stick to ensure there is record support for United Russia in occupied Ukraine.
Konstantin Skorkin
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The recent damage inflicted by Ukrainian drones and missiles on Russia has made Belarus aware of its own vulnerabilities—and surprisingly amenable to Kyiv’s demands.
Artyom Shraibman