- +8
Sophia Besch, Eric Ciaramella, Steve Feldstein, …
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}REQUIRED IMAGE
To Really Modernize Its Armed Forces, Germany Needs a Long-Term Increase of the Regular Defense Budget
The Sondervermögen was a necessary step on Germany’s long road toward becoming a European defense leader. Now, EU countries have a rare window of opportunity to integrate procurement and create a genuinely European defense base.
About the Author
Former Senior Fellow, Europe Program
Sophia Besch was a senior fellow in the Europe Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Her research focuses on European foreign and defense policy.
- Carnegie’s Summer Beach ReadsCommentary
- Will American Power in Europe Run Out?Paper
Sophia Besch, Tara Varma
Recent Work
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
More Work from Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center
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Balázs Jarábik
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Despite a new textbook, an influx of Russian teachers and managers, and an end to the teaching of Ukrainian, the Kremlin is unlikely to have “reprogrammed” locals.
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Cargo traffic through Russia’s Northern Sea Route has increased because of the disruption caused by the conflict in the Middle East, the Ukraine war, and U.S.-China tensions.
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