For Malaysia, the conjunction that works is “and” not “or” when it comes to the United States and China.
Elina Noor
{
"authors": [
"Albert Keidel"
],
"type": "legacyinthemedia",
"centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
"centers": [
"Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
],
"collections": [],
"englishNewsletterAll": "asia",
"nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
"primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
"programAffiliation": "AP",
"programs": [
"Asia"
],
"projects": [],
"regions": [
"North America",
"United States",
"China"
],
"topics": [
"Economy"
]
}Source: Getty
The United States is witnessing, at least temporarily, the collapse of effective liquidity for the complex financial instruments that have long been used to conduct transactions. But the real crisis is a Keynesian downward spiral, whereby declining consumption and declining investment reinforce each other.
Source: The Diane Rehm Show

The United States is witnessing, at least temporarily, the collapse of effective liquidity for the complex financial instruments that have long been used to underpin transactions. For that reason, it is dubious to state that enough money has been injected into the credit market. It is also misleading to look at current price/earnings ratios to assess what the true bottom of this crisis is. The real potential crisis, he believes, is a Keynesian downward spiral, whereby declining consumption and declining investment reinforce each other.
Keidel noted that China, Japan, and India are faring better than most economies amidst the current global turmoil. It remains to be seen how smaller Asian economies will fare in the face of exchange rate pressures since they do not have strong mechanisms for handling capital flight.
There are precedents for solving credit crises, but developed countries are not accustomed to having to resort to using them. The U.S. government needs to take over failing banks, fix them, and resell them. The presidential candidates should not be stressing budgetary responsibility. Keidel maintains that America will have to engage in major deficit spending, just as it has during every serious downturn.
Click here to listen to Albert Keidel on the Diane Rehm Show.
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
For Malaysia, the conjunction that works is “and” not “or” when it comes to the United States and China.
Elina Noor
ASEAN needs to determine how to balance perpetuating the benefits of technology cooperation with China while mitigating the risks of getting caught in the crosshairs of U.S.-China gamesmanship.
Elina Noor
In July 2025, Vietnam and China held their first joint army drill, a modest but symbolic move reflecting Hanoi’s strategic hedging amid U.S.–China rivalry.
Nguyễn Khắc Giang
Regulation, not embargo, allows Beijing to shape how other countries and firms adapt to its terms.
Alvin Camba
Rather than climate ambitions, compatibility with investment and exports is why China supports both green and high-emission technologies.
Mathias Larsen