Bashar al-Assad’s regime has used the drug partly as a means of ensuring that Syria is reintegrated into the Arab world, allowing its leadership to reinforce its position after years of isolation and conflict.
In an interview, Julie d’Andurain talks about her biography of General Henri Gouraud and his experiences in Syria and Lebanon.
As the influence of the Assad regime and Russia declines, Iran is emerging as the main actor, which could provoke a major Israeli intervention.
A forthcoming Carnegie paper will argue that to understand Syria’s future, we will have to focus on the country’s peripheries.
The Syrian regime has struggled to govern Syria’s south, while the Ukraine war has weakened Russia’s influence, making both more reliant on Tehran and its allies in the area. However, this may increase the prospects of conflict between Iran and Israel.
In the Middle East and North Africa, climate change is exacerbating tensions over water resources, between countries that share a basin or aquifer system and between domestic actors fighting for water access.
In an interview, Daanish Faruqi discusses crisis aid provided by Sufi orders, and how this relates to traditional forms of humanitarian relief.
