• Research
  • Politika
  • About
Carnegie Russia Eurasia center logoCarnegie lettermark logo
  • Donate
{
  "authors": [
    "Michael Pettis"
  ],
  "type": "other",
  "centerAffiliationAll": "",
  "centers": [
    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
  ],
  "collections": [],
  "englishNewsletterAll": "",
  "nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
  "primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
  "programAffiliation": "",
  "programs": [],
  "projects": [],
  "regions": [
    "China",
    "Western Europe",
    "Germany"
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Economy",
    "Trade"
  ]
}

Source: Getty

Other

Rescue from China?

The idea that there is a role here for China or other foreign entities—to lend foolishly to countries to whom the ECB or Germany are too skeptical to do so—simply indicates how confused the whole euro project has become.

Link Copied
By Michael Pettis
Published on Nov 21, 2011
Should China bail out Europe?
Michael Pettis
China cannot bail out Europe. There are two separate questions here. The first is whether Europe needs to be bailed out, and clearly the answer is that it doesn't. If Europe were suffering from a shortage of foreign currency—for example, if its external debt far exceeded its capacity to raise foreign currency—then it might be meaningful to discuss a bailout. But European entities have very little external debt compared to their capacity to raise foreign currency, so the whole question of a foreign bailout here is meaningless.

The second question is whether the peripheral countries need to be bailed out. The answer here depends on whether or not they are simply facing short-term financing gaps or whether they are truly incapable of servicing their obligations. If it is the former, then the European Central Bank (ECB) or Germany should step in and provide the funding. If foreigners do so, the euro must strengthen against the dollar and with it the European trade deficit will automatically widen and growth prospects in Europe decline. If it is the latter, then debts in the periphery should be restructured and partially forgiven. Otherwise, there is absolutely no way for peripheral Europe to grow its way back into health. The idea that there is a role here for China or other foreign entities—to lend foolishly to countries to whom the ECB or Germany are too skeptical to do so—simply indicates how confused the whole euro project has become.

About the Author

Michael Pettis

Nonresident Senior Fellow, Carnegie China

Michael Pettis is a nonresident senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. An expert on China’s economy, Pettis is professor of finance at Peking University’s Guanghua School of Management, where he specializes in Chinese financial markets. 

    Recent Work

  • Commentary
    What GDP Means in a Soft Budget Economy Like China

      Michael Pettis

  • Commentary
    What’s New about Involution?

      Michael Pettis

Michael Pettis
Nonresident Senior Fellow, Carnegie China
Michael Pettis
EconomyTradeChinaWestern EuropeGermany

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    What the Russian Energy Sector Stands to Gain From War in the Middle East

    The future trajectory of the U.S.-Iran war remains uncertain, but its impact on global energy trade flows and ties will be far-reaching. Moscow is likely to become a key beneficiary of these changes; the crisis in the Gulf also strengthens Russia’s hand in its relationships with China and India, where advantages might prove more durable.

      • Sergey Vakulenko

      Sergey Vakulenko

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    Beyond Oil: Hormuz Closure Puts Russia in the Lead in the Fertilizer Market

    The Kremlin expects to not only profit from rising fertilizer prices but also exact revenge for the collapse of the 2023 grain deal.

      Alexandra Prokopenko

  • Paper
    A Tight Spot: Challenges Facing the Russian Oil Sector Through 2035

    Russian oil production is remarkably resilient to significant price changes, but significant political headwinds may lead to a drop regardless of economics.

      • Sergey Vakulenko

      Sergey Vakulenko

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    Why Are China and Russia Not Rushing to Help Iran?

    Most of Moscow’s military resources are tied up in Ukraine, while Beijing’s foreign policy prioritizes economic ties and avoids direct conflict.   

      • Alexander Gabuev

      Alexander Gabuev, Temur Umarov

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    Georgia’s Fall From U.S. Favor Heralds South Caucasus Realignment

    With the White House only interested in economic dealmaking, Georgia finds itself eclipsed by what Armenia and Azerbaijan can offer.

      Bashir Kitachaev

Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center
Carnegie Russia Eurasia logo, white
  • Research
  • Politika
  • About
  • Experts
  • Events
  • Contact
  • Privacy
  • For Media
Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center
© 2026 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.