Commentary
The EU can impose sanctions but struggles to enforce them without the United States. With Washington increasingly disinterested in backing European interests, the bloc must now fend for itself.
Nicu Popescu, Tiago Antunes
{
"authors": [],
"type": "pressRelease",
"centerAffiliationAll": "",
"centers": [
"Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
],
"collections": [],
"englishNewsletterAll": "",
"nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
"primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
"programAffiliation": "",
"programs": [],
"projects": [],
"regions": [
"North America",
"United States",
"South America"
],
"topics": [
"Economy",
"Trade"
]
}
REQUIRED IMAGE
Press Release
Mexico’s NAFTA experience underscores need to rethink U.S. trade policies
Despite an increase in trade, foreign investment, and productivity since NAFTA took effect in 1994, Mexico has been disappointed by slow economic growth and weak job creation. Mexico’s experience with NAFTA underscores the need to reform trade agreements between the United States and developing countries.
Published on Dec 7, 2009
WASHINGTON, Dec 7—Despite an increase in trade, foreign investment, and productivity since NAFTA took effect in 1994, Mexico has been disappointed by slow economic growth and weak job creation. In addition, recession in the United States is hitting Mexico particularly hard, given its dependence on its northern neighbor.
Mexico’s experience with NAFTA underscores the need to reform trade agreements between the United States and developing countries. There are five things to remember in future trade agreements with the United States, contends a new paper by Eduardo Zepeda of the Carnegie Endowment and Timothy A. Wise and Kevin P. Gallagher of Tufts’ Global Development and Environment Institute:
- Incorporate stronger provisions on labor and the environment—even stronger than the recent bipartisan proposals incorporated into recent U.S. trade agreements, such as the one with Peru.
- Liberalization of sensitive agricultural sectors should be undertaken carefully and be coordinated with investments in agricultural productivity and job creation.
- Allow governments to selectively promote strategic industries that offer long-term benefits, including rural development, job creation, and environmental protection.
- Include funding for development that will increase the competitiveness of emerging economies and level the playing field among trade partners.
- Trade agreements are not a substitute for coherent national development strategies.
“There is increasing international recognition that trade policy in the Western Hemisphere should be overhauled,” conclude the authors, based on this comprehensive review of Mexico’s economic performance under NAFTA. “Now is the time for the U.S., Canadian, Mexican, and other developing country governments to take a fresh look at NAFTA’s experience and shape trade and development policies to better meet the needs of their people in a manner that respects the right to development, job creation, and the environment.”
###
NOTES
- Eduardo Zepeda joined the Carnegie Endowment in 2007 as a senior associate in the Trade, Equity, and Development Program. He also serves as a policy adviser to the Bureau for Development Policy’s Poverty Group at the United Nations Development Programme, a position he has held since 2003. Zepeda’s research focuses on employment, poverty, and development policy.
- Timothy A. Wise is director of the Research and Policy Program at the Global Development and Environment Institute at Tufts University. He specializes in trade, agriculture, and rural development. He is the co-author of The Promise and the Perils of Agricultural Trade Liberalization: Lessons from Latin America, and Confronting Globalization: Economic Integration and Popular Resistance in Mexico.
- Kevin P. Gallagher is an associate professor in the Department of International Relations at Boston University and senior researcher at the Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University. He is the author of the following recent and forthcoming books, The Dragon in the Room: China and the Future of Latin American Industrialization (with Roberto Porzecanski), The Enclave Economy: Foreign Investment and Sustainable Development in Mexico’s Silicon Valley (with Lyuba Zarsky), and Free Trade and the Environment: Mexico, NAFTA, and Beyond. He writes a monthly column on globalization and development for the Guardian.
- The Carnegie Trade, Equity, and Development Program undertakes analysis and promotes policies and strategies to make global economic integration work for more countries and more people.
- Press Contact: David Kampf, 202/939-2233, dkampf@ceip.org
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
More Work from Carnegie Europe
- Europe Needs its own Sanctions-Enforcement Muscle
- Taking the Pulse: Does the EU Have a France Problem?Commentary
With its public finances in shambles, the far right polling at 35 percent ahead of the 2027 presidential election, and a growing protest movement, is France’s crisis a threat to the EU’s geopolitical awakening?
Rym Momtaz, ed.
- Trump Blindsides Ukraine But Gives Europe an OpportunityCommentary
Ahead of a tough winter for Ukraine, Donald Trump’s swing back toward Russia bodes ill. But instead of panicking, Kyiv’s European allies are focusing on action.
Rym Momtaz
- The EU’s Middle-Power PuzzleCommentary
While the EU and European governments are embracing the much-lauded middle-power moment, this entails three difficult conundrums.
Richard Youngs
- The Scramble for Europe. Russia, China, and Turkey Challenging Regional OrderBook
Europe is facing rising populism internally as well as external pressures from Russia, China, Turkey, and the United States.
Dimitar Bechev
