On November 20, Shoigu met Pakistan’s Prime Minister, Nawaz Sharif, Defense Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif, Secretary Defense Muhammad Alam Khattak, and Defense Production Secretary Tanvir Tahir. The defense ministers signed the framework agreement on military cooperation between the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Defense of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. This document is supposed to lay a legal foundation for developing military and military technological cooperation between Russia and Pakistan.

The visit highlighted the following vectors for bilateral relations in the military sphere:

• Coordinating efforts to counteract international terrorism,
• Coordinating efforts to combat drug trafficking,
• Active exchange of delegations,
• Participating in military exercises as observers,
• Training military personnel,
• Sharing expertise on peace-keeping, counterterrorist efforts, and combatting piracy.

The parties paid particular attention to developing naval cooperation that includes joint naval exercises and Pakistani and Russian warship calls to each other’s ports. The possibility of drafting a memorandum on naval cooperation was also considered.

In addition, the parties certainly discussed the prospects for bilateral military technological cooperation. However, contrary to some reports, they did not agree on the sale of Russia’s Mi-35M multi-role combat helicopters to Pakistan. These reports are based on the Russian Ambassador to Pakistan, Alexei Dedov’s, November 12 interview in which he said that the deal has been approved in principle. However, the parties have not yet agreed on the timeframe for the shipment, the number of helicopters to be shipped, their modification, as well as arming, equipping and subsequently servicing them.

Meanwhile, lack of information on these issues draws some erroneous conclusions from some Indian experts. For example, in his interview to IHS Jane’s, the former Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy, Admiral Arun Prakash, stated that “By offering to sell military equipment to Pakistan, the Russians are, in all probability, trying to arm-twist India from sourcing its defense requirements from alternate suppliers. Such tactics should not intimidate India's new administration.”

With all due respect to Admiral Prakash, the deal on Mi-35M helicopters, if concluded, is not an attempt to pressure New Delhi. This possible deal has absolutely no anti-Indian motives.

It should be remembered that India was not satisfied with Mi-35M performance during the 1999 Kargil conflict (it has a total of 20 Mi-35M helicopters). The helicopters were later substantially modernized with the help of Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), which has prolonged their lifecycle. However, in 2012 India decided to acquire 22 American AH-64E Apache Guardian helicopters which better suited its requirements.

In 2012, India has chosen American helicopters over the ones of Russia. The Mi-35M helicopters are of limited combat use in the mountainous terrain and under inclement weather conditions, especially if they are not equipped with the systems that IAI equipped the Indian helicopters with. The Mi-35M helicopters may be used in counterterrorist and rescue operations depending on how they are armed, although this issue has still not been cleared. However, their addition to the Pakistani Armed Forces will have no bearing on the balance of forces between India and Pakistan.

Both the issue of the Mi-35M sale to Pakistan and other issues of military and military technological cooperation discussed during Shoigu’s visit to Islamabad suggest that this cooperation will be very specific. In the framework of their bilateral relations, Moscow and Islamabad are driven by concrete, pragmatic, and limited goals of combatting terrorism, drug trafficking, and piracy rather than attempts to pressure India, as Admiral Prakash believes. India remains Russia’s priority partner not only in the South Asia but in the world at large.