Commentary
Trade volumes between Russia and African nations have fallen since the last event in 2019, while the war in Ukraine and Wagner’s activities on the continent have strained political ties.
Vadim Zaytsev
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Source: Getty
Other
Constitution Party
A backgrounder on the Constitution Party.
Published on Oct 31, 2012
This resource was published on 10/31/2012 and is not updated to reflect changing circumstances.
The Al-Dostour Party was launched in April 2012 by Nobel laureate Mohamed ElBaradei as a broad nonideological party with the aim of advancing the January 25 revolution’s goals and democracy in Egypt. The party was officially licensed in September 2012 to be one of the few serious non-Islamist contenders set to challenge the ruling Islamist government in the coming parliamentary elections later this year or early 2013.
Major Party Figures
Mohamed ElBaradei: President and founding member
George Ishak: founding member
Emad Abou Ghazi: founding member
Ahmed Harara: founding member
Mohamed Yousri Salama: founding member
Gamila Ismail: founding member
Hossam Eissa: founding member
Mohamed Ghoneim: founding member
Background
After a weak performance in the 2011–2012 parliamentary elections, non-Islamists refocused their efforts on organizing and challenging the ruling Freedom and Justice Party for power in 2012.
On April 28, Mohamed ElBaradei and some of Egypt’s most notable public intellectuals, liberal, and leftist figures announced their intent to found the Al-Dostour Party in order “to save the great January 25 revolution, which has been derailed, and is almost aborted, and to restore our unity.”
Al-Dostour describes its ideology as “Egyptian and inclusive,” distancing itself from the Islamist-secular divide and focusing instead on issues that people care and agree about like education, healthcare, and poverty. In practice, most Egyptians largely view Al-Dostour, founded as a response to the increasing influence of Islamists, as a political rival of the Muslim Brotherhood’s Freedom and Justice Party.
On September 16, the Political Parties Affairs Committee approved the establishment of Al-Dostour. On the same day it was reported that the Adl Party and the Egyptian Social Democratic Party were seeking to merge with the new organization.
Platform
The party is rooted in five main principles and beliefs:
- Citizenship and good governance
- Government’s important role in economic development
- Government’s responsibility to achieve social justice
- Peaceful political life
- Self-reliance, identity protection, and opening to the world
Political Issues
- Guaranteeing fundamental human rights to citizens by permanently enshrining them in the constitution
- Establishing a democratic republic based on popular sovereignty and citizens’ rights, with equal powers between the branches (the party does not advocate either a presidential or parliamentary system)
- Guaranteeing the independence of print and broadcast media broadcast from government institutions
- Promoting a system of governance based on party pluralism and the right of every citizen to establish a political party so long as it is not based on principles contrary to fundamental human rights
- Supporting the full independence and separation of the judiciary from the executive, abolishing state security courts, and forbidding military courts from trying civilians
- Strengthening civil society groups, including unions and syndicates, by inhibiting government interference in their affairs
- Ending state interference and oversight over religious institutions like al-Azhar and Christian churches, believing that religion is owned by the people and not the state
- Strengthening and giving more powers to elected local assembles and ending state interference in their internal affairs
- Ensuring that the incumbent government will respect the independence and neutrality of state institutions, because total government control of the state leads to government oppression of the citizen
Socioeconomic Issues
- Containing poverty and providing opportunities and fundamental services to all citizens
- Providing universal healthcare and reducing costs by fundamentally reforming the healthcare system
- Stabilizing the tax rate on all citizens to avoid tax evasion and ensuring that the poor do not pay the same rate as the rich
- Ensuring price and market stability by decreasing inflation, combating monopolies, and strengthening consumer rights groups
- Providing dignified work opportunities with just pay, believing that work is a fundamental right of citizens
- Developing slums and marginalized communities, and providing them with public services
- Reforming the government pay structure and addressing the issue of overemployment
- Implementing agricultural reforms that would free farmers from exploitation and revitalize Egyptian farming villages
- Expanding workers’ ownership of factories by supporting cooperatives and public-private enterprises that give shares to workers
- Developing Egypt’s electricity infrastructure and increasing dam energy output
- Supporting renewable energy in all of its forms
- Reforming energy subsidies by eliminating subsides for heavy users and keeping them in place for responsible users, incentivizing citizens to be greener
- Reforming the educational system to promote innovation and civic education
Foreign Policy Issues
- Proposing a new and holistic perspective for dealing with traditional national security priorities for Egypt that include: the Nile Basin, the Arab world, and more broadly the Middle East, including Turkey and Iran, the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Sahel
- Restructuring the Arab League since its current form fails to foster a real atmosphere of cooperation between Arab states
- Supporting the rights of Palestinians while steering Egypt away from empty rhetoric and focusing on a sound strategy to solve the Palestinian-Israeli conflict
- Reforming Egypt’s relationship with the United States to steer it away from the binary choice between alliance and enmity
- Reevaluating the value of U.S. assistance to Egypt to ensure that costs will not outweigh benefits
- Ensuring that Egypt’s relationship with the United States is not simply tied to Egypt’s relationship with Israel
- Expanding and strengthening cooperation with the European Union, not as an alternative to the United States, but as a close and understanding partner
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
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