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{
  "authors": [
    "Tim Maurer",
    "Jason Healey"
  ],
  "type": "other",
  "centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
  "centers": [
    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
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  "collections": [
    "Cyber and Digital Policy"
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  "primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
  "programAffiliation": "TIA",
  "programs": [
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  "projects": [
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Source: Getty

Other

Removing the Heat from Cyber Competition and Conflict

Even though the progress on cybernorms over 2015 was sudden, that success had in fact been built on the years of hard work by diplomats, cyberexperts, and many others.

Link Copied
By Tim Maurer and Jason Healey
Published on Apr 25, 2016
 International Cybersecurity Norms

Project

International Cybersecurity Norms

Carnegie’s Cyber Policy Initiative aims to contribute to international cybersecurity norms. This includes our Cyber Norms Index and Timeline in partnership with the United Nations and additional related research and policy papers available on this website. We also engage with governments and commercial actors to shape and promote feasible norms.

Learn More

Source: Global Digital Futures Policy Forum 2016

Only a few year s ago, there were almost no norms globally accepted by governments on cybersecurity or cyber conflict. Even the United States, which had long pushed such norms, had publicly announced very few. The United States and a few other allies confirmed that laws of armed conflict (otherwise known as International Humanitarian Law or the “Geneva Convention”) applied to cyberspace.

This has changed with tremendous progress recently, so much so that 2015 could be called was the Year of Global Cyber Norms....

This paper is part of the 2016 Global Digital Futures Policy Forum.

Read Full Text

About the Authors

Tim Maurer

Former Senior Fellow, Technology and International Affairs Program

Dr. Tim Maurer was a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Technology and International Affairs program.

Jason Healey

Authors

Tim Maurer
Former Senior Fellow, Technology and International Affairs Program
Tim Maurer
Jason Healey
SecurityForeign PolicyTechnologyIran

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

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