The EU can impose sanctions but struggles to enforce them without the United States. With Washington increasingly disinterested in backing European interests, the bloc must now fend for itself.
Nicu Popescu, Tiago Antunes
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This paper was written for the joint James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy/Japan Petrolium Energy Center Policy report, The Changing Role of National Oil Companies in International Energy Markets, published by the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy.
Click here to read full report. Click here to read more NOC case studies and related research.
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