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Competing Over Islam: Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Iran In the Balkans

In the last two decades, the Balkans appear to have become a new arena for religious competition between Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. The strategies used by these very different actors show their efforts in exporting faith in the name of power and in projecting their identity and domestic structures.

by Dimitar Bechev and Ahmet Erdi Öztürk
published by
Middle East Institute
 on January 11, 2022

Middle East Institute

Foreign PolicyReligionMiddle EastEuropeTürkiyeEastern EuropeIran
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