Paper
Pekka Sutela
{
"authors": [
"Pekka Sutela"
],
"type": "other",
"centerAffiliationAll": "",
"centers": [
"Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
],
"collections": [],
"englishNewsletterAll": "",
"nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
"primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
"programAffiliation": "",
"programs": [],
"projects": [],
"regions": [
"Western Europe"
],
"topics": [
"Economy"
]
}
REQUIRED IMAGE
Other
Debt in Finland
Unless a major crisis erupts in Europe, Finland’s fiscal prudency and solid banks might well satisfy the markets.
By Pekka Sutela
Published on Dec 7, 2011
Is Finland worried that the crisis will affect its own debt ranking?
Traditionally, Finland has been very conservative when it comes to debt. After both World War I and the Great Depression, the country took great pride in being the only debtor that repaid its debts to the United States—even with a heavy domestic cost. The wisdom of the policy can be questioned but it remains a basis of self-identification.
Today, Finland remains one of the few AAA rated countries in Europe. Most Finns find the recent increase in debt-to-GDP ratio to over 50 percent both shameful and dangerous. For several years, the difference between ten-year bond interest rates between Finland and Germany was negligible, sometimes even negative. And Finland was able to borrow at slightly better rates than Germany.
Today, Finland remains one of the few AAA rated countries in Europe. Most Finns find the recent increase in debt-to-GDP ratio to over 50 percent both shameful and dangerous. For several years, the difference between ten-year bond interest rates between Finland and Germany was negligible, sometimes even negative. And Finland was able to borrow at slightly better rates than Germany.
Read more
This fall, the interest rate margin between the countries has risen from about 0.2 to almost 0.6 percentage points. Over the long term, Finland is thus now seen as slightly more risky than Germany. The rise is not a major one and the risk premium still remains very small relative to what many European countries have. In the short run, it is not regarded as a particularly worrisome fact, rather as a symptom of what might happen. Also, due to cash in the treasury, as matters now stand, Finland has no need to enter bond markets for several months.
Two problems stand out. The current rainbow government, with six parties from right to left, is strong in the parliament but may lack internal cohesion when difficult decisions need to be made. Expenditure cuts are needed to send a signal to markets, and a convincing policy plan on the fiscal pressures of an aging population is still missing. But still, unless a major crisis erupts in Europe, Finland’s fiscal prudency and solid banks might well satisfy the markets.
Two problems stand out. The current rainbow government, with six parties from right to left, is strong in the parliament but may lack internal cohesion when difficult decisions need to be made. Expenditure cuts are needed to send a signal to markets, and a convincing policy plan on the fiscal pressures of an aging population is still missing. But still, unless a major crisis erupts in Europe, Finland’s fiscal prudency and solid banks might well satisfy the markets.
About the Author
Pekka Sutela
Former Nonresident Senior Associate, Russia and Eurasia Program
Sutela was a nonresident senior associate in the Carnegie Endowment’s Russia and Eurasia Program, where his research focuses on the economies of Eurasia, especially Russia.
- The Underachiever: Ukraine's Economy Since 1991
- Russia’s Economic ProspectsArticle
Pekka Sutela
Recent Work
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
More Work from Carnegie Europe
- Is the Radical-Right Threat Existential or Overstated?Commentary
Amid increased polarization and the influence of disinformation, radical-right parties are once again gaining traction across Europe. With landmark elections on the horizon in several countries, are the EU’s geostrategic vision and fundamental values under existential threat?
Catherine Fieschi, Cas Mudde
- Planetary vs International Security: Economic Growth at the CrossroadsResearch
Economic growth is at the heart of a dilemma between planetary and international security.
Olivia Lazard
- Europe and the Arab Gulf Must Come TogetherCommentary
The war in Iran proves the United States is now a destabilizing actor for Europe and the Arab Gulf. From protect their economies and energy supplies to safeguarding their territorial integrity, both regions have much to gain from forming a new kind of partnership together.
Rym Momtaz
- How Europe Can Survive the AI Labor TransitionCommentary
Integrating AI into the workplace will increase job insecurity, fundamentally reshaping labor markets. To anticipate and manage this transition, the EU must build public trust, provide training infrastructures, and establish social protections.
Amanda Coakley
- European Democracy Support Annual Review 2025Paper
European democracy support strategy in 2025 prioritized protecting democratic norms within Europe. This signals the start of a structural recalibration of the EU’s approach to democracy support.
- +6
Richard Youngs, ed., Elena Viudes Egea, Zselyke Csaky, …
