Research
- +6
Yasmine Farouk, Nathan J. Brown, Maysaa Shuja Al-Deen, …
{
"authors": [
"Anouar Boukhars"
],
"type": "other",
"centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
"centers": [
"Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
"Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center"
],
"collections": [
"Arab Awakening"
],
"englishNewsletterAll": "menaTransitions",
"nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
"primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
"programAffiliation": "MEP",
"programs": [
"Middle East"
],
"projects": [],
"regions": [
"North Africa",
"Egypt",
"Libya",
"Algeria",
"Tunisia",
"Maghreb"
],
"topics": [
"Political Reform",
"Security",
"Military"
]
}
Source: Getty
Other
Exclusion and Despair Make Tunisia’s Border Regions a Powder Keg
While Tunisia is often and rightly lauded for its progress, social inequality and regional asymmetries are undermining the country’s democratic transition.
Published on Jul 19, 2016
Source: World Politics Review
Tunisia is often and rightly lauded for the progress it has made since the popular uprising that toppled longtime strongman Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011. But social inequality and regional asymmetries are undermining Tunisia’s democratic transition and deepening the chasm between a restless and rebellious periphery and an eastern Mediterranean coast that fears and misunderstands the bitter resentment of border communities.
These unaddressed challenges are also making it harder to secure the country from internal upheaval and terrorism. Aggrieved youths increasingly express their anger in fiery protests and street violence. This radical projection of grievances risks feeding a dangerous spiral of violent extremism. Already, thousands of disgruntled young Tunisians from the hinterlands have joined the so-called Islamic State in Syria and Libya, making Tunisia one of the largest sources of recruits for the group.
The Islamic State’s deepening presence just across the Libyan border further compounds this growing terror threat, as was amply underlined by the March 2016 dramatic terror assault on security forces in the border town of Ben Guerdane. The brazen attempt by dozens of Islamic State-trained sleeper cells to seize the town and inflame a rebellious populace into open revolt illustrates the group’s destabilizing potential to tap into the pervasive discontent in Tunisia’s border regions.
The stakes are high and the threats are real. There are no anchors of regional stability Tunisia can cling to. Its neighbors are either coming undone or ruthlessly defending a creaky authoritarian status quo. The European Union has provided Tunisia with significant aid since 2011, but is engulfed in its own crises and cannot devote the necessary resources to helping Tunisia consolidate democracy and pursue economic reforms. The United States has extended more than $700 million in financial assistance and rounds of loan guarantees exceeding $1 billion since the start of the revolution. But this represents only a fraction of the support that Jordan and increasingly authoritarian Egypt get...
About the Author
Anouar Boukhars
Former Nonresident Fellow, Middle East Program
Boukhars was a nonresident fellow in Carnegie’s Middle East Program. He is a professor of countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism at the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University.
- Islamic Institutions in Arab States: Mapping the Dynamics of Control, Co-option, and Contention
- Islamic Authority and Arab States in a Time of PandemicArticle
- +3
Frederic Wehrey, Nathan J. Brown, Bader Al-Saif, …
Recent Work
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
More Work from Carnegie Europe
- Why Russia Could Escalate Hybrid Warfare Against EuropeCommentary
Mounting economic strain and battlefield losses will not necessarily make the Kremlin less dangerous. They could instead push Moscow toward a more aggressive hybrid campaign designed to test NATO’s Eastern flank, exploit allied hesitation, and fracture European resolve.
Maksym Beznosiuk
- Taking the Pulse: Enough with the Annual NATO Summits, Already?Commentary
Over the past ten years, NATO has held almost as many summits as it did during the entirety of the Cold War. Are they still useful, or is it time to stop holding annual meetings?
Rym Momtaz, ed.
- Europe from Scratch: Visions for a New European OrderReport
As the EU confronts profound challenges, several leaders have called for fundamental reform to the union’s model—but only modest, superficial changes have resulted. What if Europe really could be reimagined from zero today: What should such a redesigned European order look like?
Richard Youngs, ed.
- How NATO Became Anchored in the Black SeaCommentary
As Russia's war on Ukraine drags on, NATO is expanding its footprint in the Black Sea. Turkey, Romania, and Bulgaria are upgrading their fleets and deepening trilateral cooperation.
Dimitar Bechev
- Managing Montreux: Turkey and the Russia-Ukraine War in the Black SeaArticle
For ninety years, Turkey has been positioned as the principal gatekeeper of Black Sea security. As a result, European and NATO efforts to support Ukraine will require closer engagement with Ankara.
Thomas de Waal
