Commentary
Carnegie scholars examine the crucial elements of a document that’s radically different than its predecessors.
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James M. Acton, Saskia Brechenmacher, Cecily Brewer, …
Research
The Fall Crisis of 2022: Why Did Russia Not Use Nuclear Arms?
Back in the fall of 2022, parts of the U.S. administration assessed a heightened risk of Russian nuclear use in the Ukraine War. Despite this assessment, nuclear weapons were not used. Why did Russia not use nuclear weapons during the fall of 2022?
By Ulrich Kühn
Published on Jan 2, 2025
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
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