• Research
  • Strategic Europe
  • About
  • Experts
Carnegie Europe logoCarnegie lettermark logo
EUNATO
  • Donate
{
  "authors": [
    "Thomas Carothers"
  ],
  "type": "other",
  "centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
  "centers": [
    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
  ],
  "collections": [],
  "englishNewsletterAll": "democracy",
  "nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
  "primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
  "programAffiliation": "DCG",
  "programs": [
    "Democracy, Conflict, and Governance"
  ],
  "projects": [],
  "regions": [
    "United States",
    "Eastern Europe"
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Political Reform",
    "Democracy",
    "Foreign Policy"
  ]
}
REQUIRED IMAGE

REQUIRED IMAGE

Other

Ousting Foreign Strongmen: Lessons from Serbia

Link Copied
By Thomas Carothers
Published on May 17, 2001

Source: Carnegie

Ousting Foreign Strongmen: Lessons Learned from Serbia
In this policy brief, Thomas Carothers discusses the connection between Western democracy aid and the downfall of Slobodan Milosevic. Do the United States and its European allies now have a proven method for ousting strongmen leaders they dislike? Download full text in PDF format.
 

Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices
Citizenship Today brings together leading experts in their field to define the core issues at stake in the citizenship debates. Also by the same editors, From Migrants to Citizens.
 

Russia?s Nuclear and Missile Complex: The Human Factor in Proliferation
This report provides the first detailed statistical glimpse inside the Russian nuclear and missile complexes, provides the results of extensive surveys performed in five Russian nuclear cities and three Russian missile enterprises, and paints the most complete picture yet available of the living and working conditions of Russia’s weapons experts. Download full text in PDF format.
 

The Role of the Multilateral Development Banks in Emerging Market Economies
This report argues that the MDBs should continue to lend to the emerging market economies as an integral part of their ongoing role in the years ahead. Download full text in PDF format.

Pitfalls on the Road to Fiscal Decentralization Vito Tanzi discusses issues relevant to the question of whether or not fiscal decentralization would generate the positive results that its supporters claim. Download full text in PDF format.

Soldiers Before Missiles: Meeting the Challenge from the World's Streets
In this policy brief Anatol Lieven discusses the kind of future warfare on which the U.S. Army should be concentrating its new weapons development, its tactical thinking, and its moral preparation. Download full text in PDF format.

Funding Virtue: Civil Society Aid and Democracy Promotion
Funding Virtue examines how civil society aid has been embraced as a key tool of democracy promotion. Its broad geographic reach, practical focus, and analytic rigor make this book an invaluable guide to international affairs.
 

The Third Force: The Rise of Transnational Civil Society
The Third Force brings together a multinational group of authors to help policy makers, scholars, corporate executives, and activists themselves understand the issues surrounding transnational civil society.

Recent Publications

The Myth of Output Collapse after Communism looks at what really happened to output during the initial transition in the former soviet bloc, comprising the former Soviet Union and six East-Central European countries. Download full text in PDF format.

Washington Contentious: Economic Policies for Social Equity in Latin America sets forth a new menu of economic policy alternatives for governments that want a better future for all their citizens. Download full text in PDF format.

Future Shock: The WTO and Political Change in China, argues that the Chinese government's ability to overcome its short-term difficulties is not assured because of weaknesses in the current political system as well as social and political stress in the Chinese society. Download full text in PDF format.

Breaking the Labor-Trade Deadlock represents an effort to shake loose the current policy logjam, over incorporating labor issues into trade agreements by asserting and describing a viable and credible win-win alternative approach. Download full text in PDF format.

An Agenda for Renewal, produced by the Russian and Eurasian Program, sets out an innovative agenda for the renewal of the U.S.-Russian relationship. Download full text in PDF format.

Less is Better: An Agenda for Africa
Marina Ottaway
The next U.S. administration should acknowledge that immediate transformation of the continent is impossible. In this policy brief, Marina Ottaway states that Africa will be helped most by a narrower U.S. policy focused on realistic goals. Download full text in PDF format.

The World Bank of the Future: Victim, Villain, Global Credit Union?
Nancy Birdsall
Street protestors and conservative critics alike are complaining about the World Bank . In this policy brief, Nancy Birdsall dissects the critics' positions and proposes World Bank reforms rarely put on the table. Download full text in PDF format.

The Clinton Record on Democracy Promotion
Thomas Carothers
Thomas Carothers critically examines the actual role of democracy promotion in Clinton policies around the world. Download full text in PDF format.

Reinventing Japan: Immigration's Role in Shaping Japan's Future
Demetrios Papademetriou and Kimberly Hamilton
This publication looks at Japan's approach to immigration and argues that Japan will have to adopt a more open immigration policy.

Intervention in International Conflicts: Legal and Political Conundrums
Chantal de Jonge Oudraat
This working paper looks at the legal, political and operational stumbling blocks to intervention. Download full text in PDF format.

Repairing the Regime: Preventing the Spread of Mass Destruction
Joseph Cirincione
There has never been a better time for a new, comprehensive review of the state of the international non-proliferation regime.

After the Crisis
Nancy Birdsall and Stephan Haggard
After the Crisis examines the impact of the Asian financial crisis on an emergent middle class. Download full text in PDF format.

About the Author

Thomas Carothers

Harvey V. Fineberg Chair for Democracy Studies; Director, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program

Thomas Carothers, director of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, is a leading expert on comparative democratization and international support for democracy.

    Recent Work

  • Paper
    Post-U.S. International Democracy Support: Aspiration in Search of Substance

      Richard Youngs, Thomas Carothers

  • Article
    How Anger Over Corruption Keeps Driving Global Politics
      • McKenzie Carrier

      Thomas Carothers, McKenzie Carrier

Thomas Carothers
Harvey V. Fineberg Chair for Democracy Studies; Director, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
Thomas Carothers
Political ReformDemocracyForeign PolicyUnited StatesEastern Europe

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Carnegie Europe

  • Paper
    A Grand Strategy for Europe’s Clean Industrial Future

    Europe’s industrial supply chains leave it vulnerable to global shocks. The EU needs a pragmatic green industrial strategy that balances durable partnerships and bolsters homegrown clean tech without sacrificing low-carbon ambition.

      Milo McBride, Pauline Gerard

  • Commentary
    Strategic Europe
    Europe Needs a Strategy for Its Turn to New Defense Tech

    Defense tech innovations will be at the heart of Europe’s new security strategy. But so far, Brussels has been making moves without a broader plan, undermining readiness and credibility.

      Raluca Csernatoni

  • Commentary
    Strategic Europe
    Taking the Pulse: Is European Diplomacy on Iran Outdated?

    When the U.S.-Iran memorandum of understanding was announced, the UK, France, Germany, and Italy declared their readiness to help demine the Strait of Hormuz and lift nuclear sanctions on Tehran. But does Europe need new tools to recover a diplomatic role?

      • Rym Momtaz

      Rym Momtaz, ed.

  • Commentary
    Strategic Europe
    France and Germany Need Their Own Situation Room

    The Franco-German relationship is on the rocks again. But unlike previous moments of tension, the epochal changes on the world stage require that both step up investment in their bilateral ties.

      • Rym Momtaz

      Rym Momtaz

  • Europe trade economy container supply chains
    Paper
    From Trade Dependence to Geopolitical Leverage: The EU in an Era of Weaponized Interdependence

    As geopolitical rivalry weaponizes global supply chains, the EU’s true vulnerability lies in emerging-risk imports. For these goods, suppliers are growing more concentrated, substitution more difficult, and political risk is looming.

      Sinan Ülgen

Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Europe
Carnegie Europe logo, white
Rue du Congrès, 151000 Brussels, Belgium
  • Research
  • Strategic Europe
  • About
  • Experts
  • Projects
  • Events
  • Contact
  • Careers
  • Privacy
  • For Media
  • Gender Equality Plan
Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Europe
© 2026 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.