• Research
  • Strategic Europe
  • About
  • Experts
Carnegie Europe logoCarnegie lettermark logo
EUDemocracy
  • Donate
{
  "authors": [
    "Rachel Kleinfeld"
  ],
  "type": "other",
  "centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
  "centers": [
    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
  ],
  "collections": [
    "Anti-Corruption"
  ],
  "englishNewsletterAll": "democracy",
  "nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
  "primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
  "programAffiliation": "DCG",
  "programs": [
    "Democracy, Conflict, and Governance"
  ],
  "projects": [],
  "regions": [],
  "topics": [
    "Political Reform",
    "Democracy"
  ]
}

Source: Getty

Other

Back from the Brink: How Some of the World’s Most Violent, Corrupt, and Crime-Infested Countries Have Bounced Back

The world today seems engulfed in violence, from terror in the Middle East to near-daily mass shootings in America. In reality, most countries today are far safer than in the past.

Link Copied
By Rachel Kleinfeld
Published on Feb 23, 2016

Source: Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University

The world today seems engulfed in violence, from ISIS-inspired terror in the Middle East, to near-daily mass shootings in America. In reality, most countries today are far safer than in the past. But some places are stuck in cycles of extreme, compounded violence, where terrorists, gangs, organized crime, regular crime, and state brutality create a pall of fear over daily life.

What makes some countries so violent? How have some countries managed to move from extremes of bloodshed to freedom from fear?  What can the findings tell us about countries caught in the throes of violence today?

Over the past three years, 2015-16 CASBS fellow Rachel Kleinfeld conducted field research on every settled continent to answer those questions. In her CASBS symposium lecture, she discussed the themes and findings of her forthcoming book.  

"As I traveled from the former Soviet Union to Colombia, West Africa to Sicily, patterns started to emerge in how countries got better," said Kleinfeld. "Bringing down violence turned out to be a spiral: Countries got better in some ways, but those very successes caused new problems. The path was not what I expected - and certainly not what I wanted to find. But it kept repeating. Clearly, there was a way out of violence, but it was hard and morally murky."

Kleinfeld’s findings provide a path for policymakers and people wishing to make change in their own countries that has worked in the past, and, she believes, could work again.

This presentation was originally broadcast by the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University.

About the Author

Rachel Kleinfeld

Senior Fellow, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program

Rachel Kleinfeld is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where she focuses on issues of rule of law, security, and governance in democracies experiencing polarization, violence, and other governance problems.

    Recent Work

  • Other
    Political Violence in the U.S.

      Political Violence Researchers, Rachel Kleinfeld, ed., Dalya Berkowitz, ed.

  • Testimony
    Civil Society Repression Internationally and Historically Within the United States

      Rachel Kleinfeld

Rachel Kleinfeld
Senior Fellow, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
Rachel Kleinfeld
Political ReformDemocracy

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Carnegie Europe

  • Europe from Scratch: Visions for a New European Order
    Report
    Europe from Scratch: Visions for a New European Order

    As the EU confronts profound challenges, several leaders have called for fundamental reform to the union’s model—but only modest, superficial changes have resulted. What if Europe really could be reimagined from zero today: What should such a redesigned European order look like?

      Richard Youngs, ed.

  • Commentary
    Strategic Europe
    The Le Pen Verdict: How French Politics Turned MAGA

    Far-right leader Marine Le Pen can—and will—run in France’s next presidential election. What does the outcome of her appeal against a 2025 embezzlement conviction mean for the country’s political future?

      Catherine Fieschi

  • Commentary
    Strategic Europe
    Taking the Pulse: Has Meloni Broken MAGA’s Civilizational Axis?

    When Giorgia Meloni very publicly rebuked Donald Trump’s disparaging remarks about her, it surprised many who saw her as a European extension of Trumpism. Is the spat a sign of trouble in the radical right’s transatlantic axis?

      • Rym Momtaz

      Rym Momtaz, ed.

  • Commentary
    Strategic Europe
    Taking the Pulse: Are Western Democracies Failing Free Speech?

    The battle over free speech has taken center stage since U.S. Vice President JD Vance accused Europe of censorship. From travel bans to social media regulation, especially around the Israel-Palestine conflict, are liberal democratic governments weaponizing free speech?

      • Rym Momtaz

      Rym Momtaz, ed.

  • Europe flags citizens demonstration
    Commentary
    Strategic Europe
    EU Enlargement Forgets Europeans

    Preparing candidate countries for EU membership is no longer enough. As the enlargement process becomes a reality, the union must also prepare its own societies.

      Iliriana Gjoni

Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Europe
Carnegie Europe logo, white
Rue du Congrès, 151000 Brussels, Belgium
  • Research
  • Strategic Europe
  • About
  • Experts
  • Projects
  • Events
  • Contact
  • Careers
  • Privacy
  • For Media
  • Gender Equality Plan
Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Europe
© 2026 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.