Introduction to E-symposium: Urbanisation, Gender, and Social Change in North India

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In The Media

Introduction to E-symposium: Urbanisation, Gender, and Social Change in North India

Urbanisation in India is reshaping established social and economic patterns of behaviour, in ways that scholars are yet to fully comprehend.

By Milan Vaishnav

Published on Dec 26, 2021

Ideas For India

About the Author

Milan Vaishnav

Director and Senior Fellow, South Asia Program

Milan Vaishnav is a senior fellow and director of the South Asia Program and the host of the Grand Tamasha podcast at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. His primary research focus is the political economy of India, and he examines issues such as corruption and governance, state capacity, distributive politics, and electoral behavior. He also conducts research on the Indian diaspora.

Recent Work

Paper
Delimitation After Defeat: India’s Unfinished Debate Over Representation
- Louise Tillin, Milan Vaishnav, Andy Robaina
Research
India and a Changing Global Order: Foreign Policy in the Trump 2.0 Era
- +6
  Milan Vaishnav, Sameer Lalwani, Tanvi Madan, …

Democracy South Asia India

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Paper
Delimitation After Defeat: India’s Unfinished Debate Over Representation
The battle over representation and regional power has been delayed—not resolved—and will shape the future of India’s federal balance.
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Commentary
The Unresolved Challenges in U.S.–India Semiconductor Cooperation
The U.S.–India semiconductor cooperation story is well-stocked with top-level strategic intent. What remains unresolved, however, are some underlying challenges that will determine whether the cooperation actually functions. Three such friction points stand out.
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Outlooks on Open-Source Innovation at the India AI Impact Summit 2026
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The regime bets that international legitimacy can be translated into domestic stability. But that depends upon whether it can leverage international goodwill to manage grievances and the economy at home.
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More Work from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Members of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) attend a meeting along with Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) President Amit Shah and Indian designated Prime Minister Narendra Modi (C) at the central hall of the parliament, in New Delhi on May 25, 2019.

Paper

Delimitation After Defeat: India’s Unfinished Debate Over Representation

The battle over representation and regional power has been delayed—not resolved—and will shape the future of India’s federal balance.

Louise Tillin, Milan Vaishnav, Andy Robaina

Commentary

The Unresolved Challenges in U.S.–India Semiconductor Cooperation

The U.S.–India semiconductor cooperation story is well-stocked with top-level strategic intent. What remains unresolved, however, are some underlying challenges that will determine whether the cooperation actually functions. Three such friction points stand out.

Shruti Mittal

Commentary

Emerging From the “Zombie State” of Trade Agreements: The India-EU FTA

The India–EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is shaping up to be one of the most consequential trade negotiations, both economically and strategically. But, what’s in the agreement, what’s missing, and what will determine its success in the years ahead

Vrinda Sahai, Nicolas Köhler-Suzuki

Article

Outlooks on Open-Source Innovation at the India AI Impact Summit 2026

Drawing on ten public discussions from the India AI Impact Summit 2026, this article highlights key outlooks on open source in AI that are likely to shape policy and governance conversations going forward.

Shruti Mittal

Commuters ride past a billboard with portraits of Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif (2L), Navy Chief Admiral Naveed Ashraf (3L), Chief of Army Staff General Syed Asim Munir (C), Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmad Baber (3R) and Chief Minister of the country's Punjab province Maryam Nawaz Sharif (2R), displayed along a street in Lahore on May 24, 2025.

Article

Pakistan’s Military Consolidation Under Munir Faces Critical Challenges

The regime bets that international legitimacy can be translated into domestic stability. But that depends upon whether it can leverage international goodwill to manage grievances and the economy at home.

Zoha Waseem, Yasser Kureshi