research
Infrastructure for AI Agents
The world needs external protocols and systems that shape how agents interact with institutions and other actors.
by Seth Lazar, Alan Chan, Kevin Wei, Sihao Huang, Nitarshan Rajkumar, Elija Perrier, Gillian K. Hadfield, and Markus Anderljung
published by on May 10, 2025
Transactions in Machine Learning Research
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As artificial intelligence (AI) changes how people around the world live and work, new frontiers for international collaboration, competition, and conflict are opening. AI can, for example, improve (or detract) from international cyber stability, optimize (or bias) cloud-based services, or guide the targeting of biotechnology toward great discoveries (or terrible abuses). Carnegie partners with governments, industry, academia, and civil society to anticipate and mitigate the international security challenges from AI. By confronting both the short-term (2-5 years) and medium-term (5-10 years) challenges, we hope to mitigate the most urgent risks of AI while laying the groundwork for addressing its slower and subtler effects.
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Californians believe that AI will significantly impact their work, communities, and democracy. But this is offset by high levels of anxiety and uncertainty around specific impacts.
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Many times over the past century, Congress has confronted a new technology and has had to decide whether, and how, to preempt state authority to regulate it.
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Autonomous AI agents are arriving at a moment of acute vulnerability for liberal democratic orders. Amid deep uncertainty about agents’ prospective capabilities and impacts, this essay considers how they might both accelerate and mitigate the structural pressures loosening democracy’s screws—and how to ensure the robust protection of democratic values in the age of agentic AI.
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As governments promote digital civic engagement in defense, they must acknowledge the possible deterioration of civil liberties and the legal vulnerability of civilians acting as potential combatants.
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