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{
  "authors": [
    "Dag Harald Claes",
    "Andreas Goldthau",
    "David Livingston"
  ],
  "type": "legacyinthemedia",
  "centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
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    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
    "Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center"
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  "primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
  "programAffiliation": "SCP",
  "programs": [
    "Sustainability, Climate, and Geopolitics"
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    "Carnegie Oil Initiative"
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    "North America",
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Source: Getty

In The Media

Saudi Arabia: Harnessing the Oil Market

Rapidly changing global oil markets present fundamental challenges to Saudi Arabia’s ability to use its resource endowment to project global market power.

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By Dag Harald Claes, Andreas Goldthau, David Livingston
Published on Jan 20, 2016
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Program

Sustainability, Climate, and Geopolitics

The Sustainability, Climate, and Geopolitics Program explores how climate change and the responses to it are changing international politics, global governance, and world security. Our work covers topics from the geopolitical implications of decarbonization and environmental breakdown to the challenge of building out clean energy supply chains, alternative protein options, and other challenges of a warming planet.

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Project

Carnegie Oil Initiative

The Carnegie Oil Initiative analyzed global oils, assessing their differences from climate, environmental, economic, and geopolitical perspectives. This knowledge provides strategic guidance and policy frameworks for decision making.

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Source: European Council on Foreign Relations

Oil is localised – it cannot be produced where reserves don’t exist – and yet it is the lifeblood of globalisation. A country that dominates the oil market, which is the world’s largest commodity market, is automatically an influential player in international economic affairs and, by proxy, international politics. Oil is, in other words, a perfect example of the intertwined nature of geography, economics, and politics. This relationship is usually framed in terms of geopolitics, with grand strategic thinking dominating economic rationales in the oil market. In short, energy is seen as a means to an end. A geo-economic perspective on oil, by contrast, appreciates that actors are constantly balancing their economic and political interests, and that economic considerations can drive politics.

Saudi Arabia is the pivotal actor in the global oil market, thanks to its output of roughly 10 million barrels of oil per day. The kingdom’s geo-economic power rests on its strategic positioning in the oil market and its ability to exert influence in this market. In order to understand the political role of Saudi Arabia, one needs to understand its economic role in the world's prime energy market....

This essay was originally published in the collection Connectivity Wars by the European Council on Foreign Relations.

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About the Authors

Dag Harald Claes

Andreas Goldthau

Professor, University of Erfurt

Andreas Goldthau is the Franz Haniel Professor for Public Policy at the Willy Brandt School of Public Policy, University of Erfurt; a research group leader at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies; and a visiting professor at the College of Europe.

David Livingston

Former Associate Fellow, Energy and Climate Program

Livingston was an associate fellow in Carnegie’s Energy and Climate Program, where his research focuses on emerging markets, technologies, and risks.

Authors

Dag Harald Claes
Andreas Goldthau
Professor, University of Erfurt
Andreas Goldthau
David Livingston
Former Associate Fellow, Energy and Climate Program
Climate ChangeNorth AmericaMiddle EastSaudi ArabiaWestern Europe

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

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