The Marrakesh meeting should also be the time to correct a major anomaly in the way international support is provided to Syrian civilians who have fled their country and crossed to Turkey or are waiting desperately to do so. The Turkish government, having provided a very remarkable amount of assistance on its own, regularly complains of being left alone in shouldering this task while at the same time squarely refusing assistance from international donors, both public and private. The tragedy of the displaced Syrians leaves no room for expressions of pride or suspicion: humanitarian assistance is a duty and it is high time that the Turkish foreign ministry lifts the artificial restrictions it has put on the UN, EU, the United States, and reputable international NGOs. Donors should take the opportunity of the Marrakesh meeting to put their offers on the table and convince Turkey to open its territory to international cooperation efforts according to standard procedures. This is part of Turkey’s international responsibilities. A public appeal by Crisis Action, an NGO specializing in assisting war victims, was sent to this effect on December 7 to Minister Davutoğlu via the UN Secretary General on behalf of a number of agencies.

Another important feature in the background of the Marrakesh meeting is the creation of a Supreme Military Council on December 7 by the rebel forces. While the ideological battle rages in parallel to the military one in Aleppo—see the detailed analysis by the Carnegie Middle East Center—it is already clear that the military commanders of the north will want a large share of political power. Whether this will be of help to the National Coalition headed by Moaz al-Khatib remains to be seen. As in all armed rebellions, the field commanders are bound to benefit from a substantial legitimacy in the eyes of the population.

A major feature of the emerging new Syria will be the importance that the new political power will grant to relations with Western countries, which they accuse of paying mere lip service to their cause. An important step was made on December 10 in Brussels when Moaz al-Khatib had an occasion to discuss with the 27 EU foreign ministers, thus establishing his international credentials further. While the National Coalition denounces Russia for re-supplying the Assad regime on a daily basis with ammunitions, Russia, still a supporter of the regime, has started distancing itself from Bashar al-Assad. President Putin has made clear during his visit to Istanbul on December 3 that Russia was not Assad’s “guarantor.” But Mr. Putin still insisted on a “negotiated solution” out of the current crisis and contacts between Russia and the United States in Dublin have not produced convergence so far. How effective Mr. al-Khatib will be in talking to Russia will also be a key factor in the evolution of the conflict. This should also be discussed in Marrakesh.

Although fraught with dangers, the Marrakesh meeting offers a genuine opportunity to move closer to the end-game in the Syrian tragedy.